https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AdipoRon.html A waterflooding core model was established, simulated, and verified by the method proposed in this paper. It is found that using time-varying permeability curves for simulation, the highest oil recovery factor (61.58%) can be obtained with injected water volume up to 2000 PV, and the purpose of improved oil recovery (IOR) can be achieved by high water injection volume, but the increment is only approximately 10%. Besides, a waterflooding model of an inverted five-spot reservoir unit based on the X oilfield was also established, simulated, and analyzed. Simulation results have shown that no matter which set of core permeability curves measured from 100 to 2000 PV is directly used alone, the oil recovery factor will be simulated inaccurately. The findings of this study can help in better understanding the quantitative description of the oil recovery changes with time-varying reservoir physical properties in high water-cut reservoirs during waterflooding.A novel biostimulant, Paecilomyces variotii extracts (ZNC), with the ability to promote N absorption in the plant at a very low level has been proved in the lab experiment, but its chemical composition and practical effect in the field remain unclear. In this work, we determined the molecular composition of ZNC. Then, a three-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the synergistic effects of controlled-release urea (CRU) without ZNC or with ZNC at three doses (87.5, 175, and 262.5 mL ha-1) on the yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and net returns of rice. Results indicated that ZNC contained more carbohydrates, amino acids, alkyl structures, and less aromatic structures with a molecular weight between 140 and 2507 Da. Rice yield was 6.9-21.0% higher with CRU than with conventional urea. Combining CRU with ZNC at a dose of 87.5 mL ha-1 performed the best and significantly increased rice yields by 8.7-12.1%, NUE by 15.0-20.2%, and average net returns by 10.