# Chapter 2: The Evolution involving Application Security Software security as we know it today didn't always can be found as an elegant practice. In the particular early decades regarding computing, security problems centered more upon physical access in addition to mainframe timesharing settings than on program code vulnerabilities. To appreciate contemporary application security, it's helpful to search for its evolution through the earliest software problems to the complex threats of nowadays. This historical quest shows how every era's challenges shaped the defenses in addition to best practices we have now consider standard. ## The Early Times – Before Adware and spyware Almost 50 years ago and seventies, computers were significant, isolated systems. Safety largely meant controlling who could enter into the computer area or utilize the airport terminal. Software itself was assumed to get trusted if written by reliable vendors or teachers. The idea of malicious code seemed to be pretty much science hype – until a new few visionary tests proved otherwise. Inside 1971, a researcher named Bob Jones created what is usually often considered the first computer earthworm, called Creeper. Creeper was not damaging; it was some sort of self-replicating program that traveled between networked computers (on ARPANET) and displayed a new cheeky message: "I AM THE CREEPER: CATCH ME IN CASE YOU CAN. " This experiment, along with the "Reaper" program devised to delete Creeper, demonstrated that code could move about its own around systems CCOE. DSCI. IN CCOE. DSCI. IN . It was a glimpse associated with things to arrive – showing that will networks introduced brand-new security risks beyond just physical fraud or espionage. ## The Rise associated with Worms and Viruses The late eighties brought the 1st real security wake-up calls. 23 years ago, typically the Morris Worm was unleashed for the earlier Internet, becoming the first widely recognized denial-of-service attack about glo