https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMRpNaavElg # Chapter 5: Threat Landscape in addition to Common Vulnerabilities Just about every application operates in a place full associated with threats – malevolent actors constantly searching for weaknesses to exploit. Understanding the threat landscape is vital for defense. Inside this chapter, we'll survey the most common forms of program vulnerabilities and attacks seen in typically the wild today. You will discuss how these people work, provide real-world examples of their exploitation, and introduce greatest practices to prevent these people. This will place the groundwork for later chapters, which may delve deeper directly into how to build security into the development lifecycle and specific defense. Over the years, certain categories of vulnerabilities have emerged as perennial troubles, regularly appearing within security assessments and even breach reports. Business resources like the OWASP Top 10 (for web applications) and CWE Top 25 (common weaknesses enumeration) list these usual suspects. Let's explore some of the major ones: ## Injection Attacks (SQL, Command Injection, etc. ) - **Description**: Injection flaws happen when an program takes untrusted input (often from a good user) and feeds it into an interpreter or control in a way that alters the particular intended execution. Typically the classic example is definitely SQL Injection (SQLi) – where consumer input is concatenated into an SQL query without proper sanitization, allowing the user to put in their own SQL commands. Similarly, Control Injection involves treating OS commands, LDAP Injection into LDAP queries, NoSQL Injection in NoSQL sources, and so upon. Essentially, the application form does not work out to distinguish data from code recommendations. - **How it works**: Consider a new simple login contact form that takes an account information. If the particular server-side code naively constructs a question just like: `SELECT * FROM users WHERE user