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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/abc294640.html Studying the diet of consumers using stable isotopes provides insight into the foraging ecology of individuals and species. To accurately reconstruct the integrated diet of animals using stable isotope values, we must quantify diet-tissue discrimination factors (DTDFs), or the way in which stable isotopes in prey are incorporated into the tissues of consumers. To quantify DTDFs, controlled experiments are needed, whereby consumers are fed a constant diet. However, relatively few controlled-diet studies have been conducted for seabirds. In this study, captive adult Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) and common murres (Uria aalge) were fed a two-source diet of capelin (Mallotus villosus) and Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) to determine the DTDFs for the cellular component of blood and plasma for both δ15N and δ13C. The DTDFs for the cellular component (Δ15N 2.80±0.28; Δ13C 1.21±0.22) and plasma (Δ15N 1.72±1.03; Δ13C -0.18±0.56) of puffins were similar to those for the cellular component (Δ15N 2.91±0.18; Δ13C 1.09±0.23) and plasma (Δ15N 2.18±0.77; Δ13C -0.70±0.18) of murres. We reconstructed the diet of wild murres and puffins breeding on the northeastern coast of Newfoundland using previously published DTDFs and estimated DTDFs from our feeding experiment. Reconstructed dietary proportions supported a priori knowledge of diet, although outputs were sensitive to the DTDF used. Despite the similarity of our DTDFs for puffins and murres, along with the similarity of our DTDFs with those of other seabird species, our sensitivity analysis revealed considerable differences among resultant dietary contributions from mixing models, further highlighting the importance of using species- and tissue-specific DTDFs to enhance knowledge in the foraging ecology of seabirds using stable isotopes.Cancer is a genetic disease that involves the gradual accumulation of mutations. Human tumours are genetically unstable. However,

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