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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Temsirolimus.html Surgical procedures for the treatment of epilepsy and brain tumors can involve resection of regions closed or merged to functionally eloquent cortical areas. Removal of language, primary motor, or sensory areas can be associated with transient or permanent functional deficits, which should be avoided if possible. Functional electrical cortical stimulation is a reliable technique to prevent or minimize motor, sensory and language deficits and has been used in humans since the 1950s to identify functional cortex, and it can also localize epileptogenic regions. This article discusses functional electrical stimulation in adults and children for different functional modalities.The intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) is essential in decision making for epilepsy surgery. Although localization of epileptogenic brain regions by means of iEEG has been the gold standard for surgical decision-making for more than 70 years, established guidelines for what constitutes genuine iEEG epileptic activity and what is normal brain activity are not available. This review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge and understanding on normal iEEG entities and variants, the effects of sleep on regional and lobar iEEG, iEEG patterns of interictal and ictal epileptic activity and their relation to well-described epileptogenic pathologies and surgical outcome.The past decade has seen a significant shift in the number of centers performing intracranial electroencephalography from subdural grids and strips to stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Unlike grid and strip insertion or other stereotactic procedures in which the cortical surface is visualized, SEEG involves insertion of an electrode through a bolt anchored into the skull. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of SEEG trajectory planning, it often is time-consuming and iterative. Computer-assisted planning improves time taken and efficacy of SEEG trajectory planning. T

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