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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sulbactam-pivoxil.html 84-0.89, p less then 0.001). CONCLUSION Achieving targets for HIV epidemic control will require increasing ART retention and reducing the disparity in retention for those with same-day ART.BACKGROUND Men living with HIV (MLHIV) have a high burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer. Understanding serological dynamics of HPV in men can guide decisions on introducing HPV vaccination and monitoring impact. We determined HPV seroprevalence and evaluated factors associated with HPV seroconversion among MLHIV in Johannesburg, South Africa. METHODS We enrolled 304 sexually active MLHIV ≥18 years and collected socio-behavioral data, blood samples (CD4+ counts, HIV-1 plasma viral load [PVL] and HPV serology), genital and anal swabs (HPV DNA and HPV Viral Load [VL]) at enrolment and 6-monthly for up to 18 months. Antibodies to 15 HPV types were measured using HPV pseudovirions. Generalised estimating equations were used to evaluate correlates of HPV seroconversion. RESULTS Median age at enrolment was 38 years (IQR22-59), 25% reported >1 sexual partner in the past 3 months and 5% reported ever having sex with other men. Most participants (65%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), with median CD4+ count of 445 cells/µL (IQR328-567). Seroprevalence for any-HPV type was 66% (199/303). Baseline seropositivity for any bivalent (16/18), quadrivalent (6/11/16/18) and nonavalent (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) vaccine-types were 19%, 37% and 60% respectively. At 18 months, type-specific seroconversion among 59 men whose genital samples were HPV-DNA positive but seronegative for the same type at enrolment was 22% (13/59). Type-specific seroconversion was higher among men with detectable HIV-PVL (adjusted odds-ratio [aOR]=2.78, 95%CI1.12-6.77) and high HPV-VL (aOR=3.32, 95%CI1.42-7.74). CONCLUSION Seropositivity and exposure to nonavalent HPV types were high among MLHIV. HPV vaccination of boys before they become sexually

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