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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/OSI-906.html The complex forces that shape butterfly wings have long been a subject of experimental and comparative research. Butterflies use their wings for flight, camouflage, mate recognition, warning and mimicry. However, general patterns and correlations among wing shape and size evolution are still poorly understood. We collected geometric morphometric measurements from over 1400 digitized museum specimens of Papilio swallowtails and combined them with phylogenetic data to test two hypotheses 1) forewing shape and size evolve independently of hindwing shape and size, and 2) wing size evolves more quickly than wing shape. We also determined the major axes of wing shape variation and discovered that most shape variability occurs in hindwing tails and adjacent areas. We conclude that forewing shape and size are functionally and biomechanically constrained, while hindwings are more labile, perhaps in response to disruptive selective pressure for Batesian mimicry or against predation. The development of a significant, re-usable, digitized data resource will enable further investigation on tradeoffs between flight performance and ecological selective pressures, along with the degree to which intraspecific, local-scale selection may explain macroevolutionary patterns. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVE Vedolizumab (VDZ) has been incriminated in the occurrence of articular manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The aim of this study was to describe musculoskeletal manifestations occurring in IBD patients treated by VDZ and to identify risk factors. METHODS In this retrospective monocentric study, we included all consecutive patients treated by VDZ for IBD in our hospital. Incident musculoskeletal manifestations occurring during VDZ treatmen

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