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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/disodium-r-2-hydroxyglutarate.html Accumulated evolutionary knowledge not only benefits our understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases, but also help in the search for new drug targets. This is further supported by the recent finding that human accelerated regions (HARs) identified by comparative genomic studies are linked to human neural system evolution and are also associated with neurological disorders. Here, we analyze the associations between HARs and diseases and drugs. We found that 32.42% of approved drugs target at least one HAR gene, which is higher than the ratio of in-research drugs. More interestingly, HAR gene-targeted drugs are most significantly enriched with agents treating neurological disorders. Thus, HAR genes have important implications in medical genetics and drug discovery. BACKGROUND AND AIMS Propofol-based sedations are widely used in ERCP procedures, but adverse respiratory or cardiovascular events commonly occur. Intravenous injection of lidocaine has an analgesic effect and can reduce the requirements of fentanyl and propofol during abdominal surgery. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous lidocaine on propofol requirements during ERCP procedures. METHOD Forty-eight patients scheduled for ERCP were randomly divided into 2 groups (the lidocaine group and the control group). All patients received 0.02 mg/kg midazolam and 0.1 μg/kg sufentanil intravenously as premedication. A bolus of propofol was applied for induction of sedation, and perfusion of propofol was applied for maintenance. The patients in the lidocaine group received a bolus of 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine intravenously followed by continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/h whereas the control group received the same volumes of saline solution. The primary outcome was the propofol requirement during ERCP. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the propofol requirements were reduced by 33.8% in the lidocaine group

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