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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lc-2.html With the regulation of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), 62 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (62 Cl-PFESA) has been used as a potential PFOS alternative in electroplating. In this study, the uptake, translocation and phytotoxicity of PFOS and 62 Cl-PFESA in mung bean (Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek.) were investigated. The uptake kinetics of PFOS and 62 Cl-PFESA fit the Michaelis-Menten equation well, suggesting that the uptake is a carrier-mediated process. The root concentration factor (RCF) of 62 Cl-PFESA (34.55 mL g-1 dw) was 1.27 times that of PFOS (27.11 mL g-1 dw), and the translocation factor (TF) of 62 Cl-PFESA (0.177) was 1.07 times that of PFOS (0.165). Exposure to 62 Cl-PFESA and PFOS both resulted in the inhibition of mung bean seedling development. Treatment with 62 Cl-PFESA and PFOS led to the concentration-dependent elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl groups, and phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) levels in mung bean roots. The MDA and carbonyl group contents induced by 62 Cl-PFESA were 1.10-1.35 and 1.03-1.14 times, respectively, those of PFOS. The hydroxyl free radical (·OH) levels in mung bean roots after exposure to PFOS and 62 Cl-PFESA were elevated significantly, and the ·OH levels induced by 62 Cl-PFESA were higher than those induced by PFOS. Hydroxyl free radical levels were positively correlated with the MDA and carbonyl group contents in mung bean roots (p less then 0.05). The dynamic changes in some antioxidative enzyme activities in mung bean seedlings were determined, including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The results demonstrated the phytotoxicities of 62 Cl-PFESA and PFOS to mung bean in the early developmental stage. 62 Cl-PFESA is more harmful to mung beans than PFOS. The production of hydroxyl radical is the mechanism that causes the toxicity of PFOS and 62 Cl-PFESA toward plants.Medical image segmentation is a typical task in med

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