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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tauroursodeoxycholic-acid.html Geometric metasurfaces primarily follow the physical mechanism of Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phases, empowering wavefront control of cross-polarized reflective/transmissive light components. However, inherently accompanying the cross-polarized components, the copolarized output components have not been attempted in parallel in existing works. Here, a general method is proposed to construct phase-modulated metasurfaces for implementing functionalities separately in co- and cross-polarized output fields under circularly polarized (CP) incidence, which is impossible to achieve with solely a geometric phase. By introducing a propagation phase as an additional degree of freedom, the electromagnetic (EM) energy carried by co- and cross-polarized transmitted fields can be fully phase-modulated with independent wavefronts. Under one CP incidence, a metasurface for separate functionalities with controllable energy repartition is verified by simulations and proof-of-principle microwave experiments. A variety of applications can be readily expected in spin-selective optics, spin-Hall metasurfaces, and multitasked metasurfaces operating in both reflective and transmissive modes.Hydrogels are excellent mimetics of mammalian extracellular matrices and have found widespread use in tissue engineering. Nanoporosity of monolithic bulk hydrogels, however, limits mass transport of key biomolecules. Microgels used in 3D bioprinting achieve both custom shape and vastly improved permissivity to an array of cell functions, however spherical-microbead-based bioinks are challenging to upscale, are inherently isotropic, and require secondary crosslinking. Here, bioinks based on high-aspect-ratio hydrogel microstrands are introduced to overcome these limitations. Pre-crosslinked, bulk hydrogels are deconstructed into microstrands by sizing through a grid with apertures of 40-100 µm. The microstrands are moldable and form a porous

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