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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cc-99677.html Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma, an aggressive tumour driven by NUTM1 rearrangements, often involves the lung/mediastinum and shows squamous differentiation. We encountered an index patient with a thoracic NUT carcinoma diagnosed by molecular testing, showing extensive pleural involvement and diffuse thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression, initially suggestive of lung adenocarcinoma with pseudomesotheliomatous growth. We thus gathered an institutional series of thoracic NUT carcinomas to examine their pathological spectrum. We searched for thoracic NUT carcinomas in our surgical pathology files and in 2289 consecutive patients with primary thoracic tumours investigated with RNA-based assays. We performed NUT immunohistochemistry on 425 additional lung adenocarcinomas. Collectively, we identified six patients (five men and one woman; age 31-80years; four never-smokers) with thoracic NUT carcinomas confirmed by molecular testing (including five with positive NUT immunohistochemistry). T (even diffusely) and/or multiple neuroendocrine markers. This immunophenotypic spectrum may lead to diagnostic confusion with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour, and others. To circumvent this pitfall, NUT immunohistochemistry and/or NUTM1 molecular testing should be considered in primitive-appearing tumours, regardless of their immunophenotypic features.While immunotherapy has dramatically revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it still faces challenges such as low therapeutic efficacy and immune-related adverse events, indicating that safe and effective approaches to enhance NSCLC immunotherapy are still highly demanded. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an established target for molecularly targeted therapy of NSCLC. Overexpression and activating mutations of EGFR can promote the resistance of NSCLC to immunotherapy via upregulating inhibitory immune checkpoints

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