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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay-1000394.html CaCO3 crystals have been known for a long time as naturally derived and simply fabricated nano(micro)-sized materials able to effectively host and release various molecules. This review summarises the use of CaCO3 crystals as versatile carriers to host, protect and release antimicrobials, offering a strong tool to tackle antimicrobial resistance, a serious global health problem. The main methods for the synthesis of CaCO3 crystals with different properties, as well as the approaches for the loading and release of antimicrobials are presented. Finally, prospects to utilize the crystals in order to improve the therapeutic outcome and combat antimicrobial resistance are highlighted. Ultimately, this review intends to provide an in-depth overview of the application of CaCO3 crystals for the smart and controlled delivery of antimicrobial agents and aims at identifying the advantages and drawbacks as well as guiding future works, research directions and industrial applications.The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory marker which has been investigated as a prognostic indicator in post-therapeutic recurrence and survival of patients with HCC. Our aim was to review all studies that assessed the prognostic value of pre-treatment NLR in predicting patient survival, cancer recurrence, and graft survival in patients undergoing various therapies for HCC. We searched the database of PubMed and Google Scholar to review all studies that have the word "NLR" and the word "HCC." We included all studies that assessed pre-treatment NLR as a prognostic factor in predicting outcomes in HCC patients. We excluded studies that assessed the correlation between post-treatment NLR or dynamic changes in NLR after treatment and HCC outcomes in an effort to minimize the confounding effect of each treatment on NLR. We reviewed 123 studies that studied the correlation between pre-treatment NLR and patient survival, 72 studies t

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