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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ldk378.html Herein, the recent advance of cell encapsulation strategies along with the potential advantages of the 3D "cell-in-shell" system is reviewed. Diverse coating materials including polymeric shells and hybrid shells on different types of cells ranging from microbes to mammalian cells will be discussed in terms of enhanced cytoprotective ability, control of division, chemical functionalization, and on-demand shell degradation. Finally, current and potential applications of "cell-in-shell" systems for cell-based technologies with remaining challenges will be explored.Human embryonic stem cells-derived endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) were utilized as cell therapeutics for the treatment of ischemic diseases. However, in vivo tracking of hEPCs for predicting their therapeutic efficacy is very difficult. Herein, we developed bioorthogonal labeling strategy of hEPCs that could non-invasively track them after transplantation in hind limb ischemia models. First, hEPCs were treated with tetraacylated N-azidomannosamine (Ac4ManNAz) for generating unnatural azide groups on the hEPCs surface. Second, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye, Cy5, conjugated dibenzocylooctyne (DBCO-Cy5) was chemically conjugated to the azide groups on the hEPC surface via copper-free click chemistry, resulting Cy5-hEPCs. The bioorthogonally labeled Cy5-hEPCs showed strong NIRF signal without cytotoxicity and functional perturbation in tubular formation, oxygen consumption and paracrine effect of hEPCs in vitro. In hind limb ischemia models, the distribution and migration of transplanted Cy5-hEPCs were successfully monitored via fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) for 28 days. Notably, blood reperfusion and therapeutic neovascularization effects were significantly correlated with the initial transplantation forms of Cy5-hEPCs such as 'condensed round shape' and 'spread shape' in the ischemic lesion. The condensed transplanted Cy5-hEPCs substantia

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