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To use 4D-flow MRI to describe systemic and non-systemic ventricular flow organisation and energy loss in patients with repaired d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) and normal subjects. Pathline tracking of ventricular volumes was performed using 4D-flow MRI data from a 1.5-T GE Discovery MR450 scanner. D-TGA patients following arterial switch (n = 17, mean age 14 ± 5 years) and atrial switch (n = 15, 35 ± 6 years) procedures were examined and compared with subjects with normal cardiac anatomy and ventricular function (n = 12, 12 ± 3 years). Pathlines were classified by their passage through the ventricles as direct flow, retained inflow, delayed ejection flow, and residual volume and visually and quantitatively assessed. Additionally, viscous energy losses (EL ) were calculated. In normal subjects, the ventricular flow paths were well ordered following similar trajectories through the ventricles with very little mixing of flow components. The flow paths in all atrial and some arterial switch show increased flow disorder and different proportions of intraventricular flow volumes. • Flow disruption and disorder increase viscous energy losses. • 4D-flow MRI can be used to assess intraventricular flow dynamics in d-TGA patients. • d-TGA arterial switch patients mostly show intraventricular flow dynamics representative of normal subjects, while atrial switch patients show increased flow disorder and different proportions of intraventricular flow volumes. • Flow disruption and disorder increase viscous energy losses. Routine dosimetry calculations do not account for the presence of iodine in organs and tissues during CT acquisition. This study aims to investigate the impact of contrast agent (CA) on radiation dose. First, relation between absorbed radiation dose and iodine concentrations was investigated using a cylindrical water phantom with iodine-saline dilution insertions. Subsequently, a retrospective study on abdominal dual-energy CT (DECT) patient data was performed to assess the increase of the local absorbed radiation dose compared to a non-contrast scan. Absorbed doses were estimated with Monte Carlo simulations using the individual CT voxel data of phantom and patients. Further, organ segmentations were performed to obtain the dose in liver, liver parenchyma, left kidney, right kidney, aorta, and spleen. In the phantom study, a linear relation was observed between the radiation dose normalized by computed tomography dose index (CTDI) and CA concentrations I (mg/ml) for three tube voltages; [Formula see t media can lead to an average 30% increase in absorbed organ dose. • Iodine should be considered in CT radiation safety studies. • The presence of contrast media increases radiation absorption in CT, and this increase is related to the iodine content in the organs. • The increased radiation absorption due to contrast media can lead to an average 30% increase in absorbed organ dose. • Iodine should be considered in CT radiation safety studies. The purpose of our study was to assess if plastic containers could decrease the overall procedure time for paracentesis relative to more commonly used glass containers. In this IRB exempt study, initial pilot data comparing filling time of glass and plastic containers in an ex vivo setting under identical conditions revealed power calculations that n = 37 patients per group would be needed to achieve standard deviation (SD) = 60s, difference (diff) = 40s, two-tailed alpha-level 0.05, and power 80%. Total of 43 patients (93 containers) were enrolled and randomized to glass or plastic bottles at enrollment. Timing of bottle filling was assessed using standardized sonographic screen captures. An interim look at statistics at n = 20 patients indicated that original conjectures from pilot data were conservative and smaller sample size was sufficient to stop the study and conduct the analyses. Specifically, SD = 54s, diff = 49s, two-tailed alpha-level 0.05, and power 80% required n = 21 patients per group. Plastic containers had a statistically significantly lower average filling time per bottle (162.7 ± 53.3s) compared to glass (212.2 ± 50.4s) (p = 0.003). Viscosity was calculated for each specimen and did not affect the statistical significance of the results (p = 0.32). Plastic containers have 50s time savings of per bottle filling time as compared to glass bottles as theorized based on their faster flow rate. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dmx-5084.html This holds true in both an ex vivo setting and in patients and can have important downstream impacts on patient throughput, provider efficiency and system wide cost savings. Plastic containers have 50 s time savings of per bottle filling time as compared to glass bottles as theorized based on their faster flow rate. This holds true in both an ex vivo setting and in patients and can have important downstream impacts on patient throughput, provider efficiency and system wide cost savings. Hip fractures are the most common traumatic injury in the UK's elderly population. Patients are often extremely frail with multiple comorbidities and so are at high risk of death should they contract COVID-19. This study aims to quantify the effects of COVID-19 on patients presenting with hip fractures to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NNUH). This is a single centre, prospective, observational cohort study of patients over the age of sixty admitted with a hip fracture to NNUH between March 24th and April 22nd, 2020 and comparing them retrospectively with controls in April 2019. Patients were followed up for 30days; data collected includes demographics, COVID-19 PCR results, date/cause of death and other prognostic indicators. 66 consecutive patients managed for hip fractures were included in the study. 30-day mortality increased from 8.5% in April 2019 to 18.2% in April 2020. The 30-day mortality rate was 80% for those patients who test positive for COVID-19 as an inpatient, and was 13.8% for patients COVID-19 negative and for those who were untested. Those admitted from a healthcare institution were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 and had a higher 30-day mortality (p = 0.04 & p = 0.006, respectively). Suspected COVID-19-positive patients at time of admission had a delayed time to theatre, 46.7h versus 27.1h (p = 0.007), however this had no significant effect on mortality (p = 0.7). The combination of fragility hip fracture and COVID-19 is associated with poor outcomes. COVID-19 has also indirectly increased mortality in this patient group. The combination of fragility hip fracture and COVID-19 is associated with poor outcomes. COVID-19 has also indirectly increased mortality in this patient group.
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