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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sgi-110.html The impacts of environmental pollutants on marine organisms can be determined by the routes of exposure. Various routes of exposure, including dietary exposure and waterborne exposure with or without feeding, were applied to study the cytogenetic responses in marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincials to typical pollutants, BaP (53.74 ± 19.79 μg/L) and Cu (47.38 ± 3.10 μg/L). The increased DNA strand breaks and micronucleus formation were found in haemocytes of mussels via the dietary exposure, indicating the vital role of trophic transfer in toxicity induction. The deeper exploration to relate BaP induced cytogenetic alterations with key antioxidant defense factors, SOD and GST, was performed under different exposure routes. The results revealed the significantly inhibited SOD activity via the trophic transfer, suggesting more direct or prompt role of SOD in antioxidant defense. On contrary, gene expressions of both sod and gst were up-regulated upon all routes of exposures, and showed negative correlation with enzyme activities. The results suggested the asynchronous regulation of studied antioxidant factors at transcriptional and enzyme functional level in mussels upon the change of exposure routes. The study brings out the first observation of trophic transfer influenced cytogenetic and antioxidant responses to pollutants and their alterative risk to marine organisms. The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has experienced rapid atmospheric and ocean warming over the past few decades and many marine-terminating glaciers have considerably retreated. Glacial retreat is accompanied by fresh meltwater intrusion, which may result in the freshening and acidification of coastal waters. Marian Cove (MC), on King George Island in the WAP, undergoes one of the highest rates of glacial retreat. Intertidal and shallow subtidal waters are likely more susceptible to these processes, and sensitive biological responses are expected f

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