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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/l-name-hcl.html In mice, only treatments with holo-BLG prevented allergic sensitization and anaphylaxis, while sustaining regulatory T cells. BLG facilitated quercetin-dependent AhR-activation and, downstream AhR, lung Cyp1A1 expression. Holo-BLG shuttled iron into monocytic cells and impaired their antigen-presentation. Conclusion The cargo of holo-BLG is decisive in preventing allergy in vivo. BLG without cargo acted as allergen in vivo and further primed human mast cells for degranulation in an antigen-independent fashion. Our data provide mechanistic explanation why the same proteins can either act as tolerogen or allergen.Background IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibrotic disorder that has been linked to CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4+CTLs). The effector phenotype of CD4+CTLs, the relevance of both CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+CTLs) and of apoptotic cell death remain undefined in IgG4-RD. Objective The goals of this study were to define CD4+CTL heterogeneity, characterize the CD8+CTL response in the blood and in lesions, and determine whether enhanced apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. Methods Blood analyses were undertaken using flow cytometry, cell sorting, transcriptomic analyses at the population and single cell levels and next generation sequencing for the TCR repertoire. Tissues were interrogated using multi-color immunofluorescence. Results were correlated with clinical data. Results We establish that among circulating CD4+CTLs in IgG4-RD, CD27loCD28loCD57hi cells are the dominant effector subset, exhibit marked clonal-expansion and differentially express genes relevant to cytotoxicity, activation and enhanced metabolism. We also observed prominent infiltration of granzyme A-expressing CD8+CTLs in disease tissues and clonal-expansion in the blood of effector/memory CD8+ T cells with an activated and cytotoxic phenotype. Tissue studies revealed an abundance of cells u

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