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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Benserazide-hydrochloride(Serazide).html To investigate learning processes underlying nocebo effects on itch, this study measured the efficacy of classical conditioning and observational learning for inducing nocebo effects on cowhage-evoked itch and scratching behaviour. A total of 58 healthy female participants were assigned to classical conditioning, observational learning, or sham conditioning groups. In the classical conditioning group, experimenters associated the application of an inert gel with increased itch intensity themselves. In the observational learning group, a video of the conditioning paradigm was shown. Nocebo effects were measured as the difference in itch or scratching between control and nocebo test phase trials, compared between learning and control groups. Compared with sham conditioning, classical conditioning induced a significant nocebo effect on itch, while observational learning did not. No nocebo effect on scratching was detected. These results highlight the role that learning through direct experiences plays in pruritic symptoms. Future research should investigate how a patient's history of unsuccessful treatments shapes treatment outcomes.Early response to treatment with biologics might be important for the stability of psoriasis and long-term outcome. The aim of this study was therefore to assess whether risk of flares and drug survival are associated with disease activity in the first 6 months of treatment of psoriasis with biologics. Biologic-naïve patients from the Danish nationwide registry, DERMBIO, were grouped based on absolute Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) during the first 6 months of treatment, as PASI = 0, PASI > 0-≤2, PASI > 2-≤ 4, and PASI > 4. Among 1,684 patients, 746 achieved PASI= 0, 485 PASI > 0-≤2, 246 PASI > 2-≤4, and 207 PASI > 4. Longer flare-free period and drug survival were observed for patients with lower PASI in the first 6 months of treatment (adjusted hazard

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