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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/od36.html The essential query about glass formation is how to understand the sheer temperature dependence of viscous dynamics of glass-forming liquids near the liquid-to-glass-transition temperature Tg. In this work, we report a universal scaling in the temperature-dependent viscous dynamics of metallic glasses (MGs) in the form of the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation on the basis of compiled data on the temperature-dependent viscosity and structural relaxation times of 89 MGs ever-reported in the past decades. Implications of this universal scaling are illustrated in the framework of the Adam-Gibbs relation, suggesting a universal vitrification mechanism in MGs mediated by configurational entropy wherein configurational entropy vanishes universally for all supercooled metallic liquids after a further decrease in temperature of ∼170.7 K (whereas with a relatively large error of ±150 K) below Tg. This result corroborates the thermodynamic origin of glass formation and suggests that MGs are an ideal research subject for understanding in depth the nature of glass transition for their relatively simple molecular structures.Computational fragment-based approaches are widely used in drug design and discovery. One of their limitations is the lack of performance of docking methods, mainly the scoring functions. With the emergence of fragment-based approaches for single-stranded RNA ligands, we analyze the performance in docking and screening powers of an MCSS-based approach. The performance is evaluated on a benchmark of protein-nucleotide complexes where the four RNA residues are used as fragments. The screening power can be considered the major limiting factor for the fragment-based modeling or design of sequence-selective oligonucleotides. We show that the MCSS sampling is efficient even for such large and flexible fragments. Hybrid solvent models based on some partial explicit representations improve both the docking and screening powe

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