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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ag-120-Ivosidenib.html Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic neoplasm with 5-year survival as low as 6%. It is therefore imperative to explore potential treatment avenues to improve survival in these groups of patients. Anti-estrogenic hormone therapy (AEHT) is well-tolerated and has been used in estrogen receptor (ER) subgroups of breast cancer. ER is a type of sex hormone receptor which have been reported to be expressed inconsistently in pancreatic cancer. This study aims to identify the presence of ER in PDAC specimens to guide potential use of AEHT in the management of unresectable PDAC. This is a retrospective case control study of 10 patients (5 males, 5 females) who underwent pancreatic resections for PDAC from 2011 to 2012. Sections of the post-operative specimens were prepared and sent for ER staining. Pancreatic tissue specimens that were analysed included (I) ductal epithelial cells; (II) acinar cells; (III) islet cells; (IV) intralobular stromal cells; and (V) adenocarcinoma cells. Intralobular stromal cells were positively stained for ER in 7/10 (70%) of the cases, but were of weak intensity and patchy in distribution. Islet cells (<1%) stained for ER in 3/10 (30%) of the cases. Ductal epithelial cells, acinar cells and adenocarcinoma cells stained negative for ER in all of the cases. This pilot study did not detect the presence of ER expression in PDAC. ER expression in intralobular stromal and islet cells which was previously unreported, were noted in our study. The role of AEHT in pancreatic cancer remains uncertain and does not appear to be of value at present. This pilot study did not detect the presence of ER expression in PDAC. ER expression in intralobular stromal and islet cells which was previously unreported, were noted in our study. The role of AEHT in pancreatic cancer remains uncertain and does not appear to be of value at present. The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopa

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