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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/monastrol.html Plant breeding has increased the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over decades, and the rate of genetic gain has been faster under high fertility in some countries. However, this response is not universal, and limited information exists on the physiological traits underlying the interaction between varieties and fertilization. Thus, our objectives were to identify the key shifts in crop phenotype in response to selection for yield and quality, and to determine whether historical and modern winter wheat varieties respond differently to in-furrow fertilizer. Factorial field experiments combined eight winter wheat varieties released between 1920 and 2016, and two fertilizer practices [control versus 112 kg ha-1 in-furrow 12 -40-0-10-1 (N-P-K-S-Zn)] in four Kansas environments. Grain yield and grain N-removal increased nonlinearly with year of release, with greater increases between 1966 and 2000. In-furrow fertilizer increased yield by ~300 kg ha-1 with no variety × fertility interaction. Grain prote than increases in grain N-removal, reducing grain protein concentration in modern varieties. Copyright © 2020 Maeoka, Sadras, Ciampitti, Diaz, Fritz and Lollato.Introduction Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is a complex fungal disease of wheat caused by the Dothideomycete fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum. The fungus infects through the use of necrotrophic effectors (NEs) that cause necrosis on hosts carrying matching dominant susceptibility genes. The Western Australia (WA) wheatbelt is a SNB "hot spot" and experiences significant under favorable conditions. Consequently, SNB has been a major target for breeders in WA for many years. Materials and Methods In this study, we assembled a panel of 155 WA P. nodorum isolates collected over a 44-year period and compared them to 23 isolates from France and the USA using 28 SSR loci. Results The WA P. nodorum population was clustered into five groups with contras

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