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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/loxo-195.html D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) is a pharmaceutical excipient approved by Chinese NMPA and FDA of USA. It's widely applied as a multifunctional drug carrier for nanomedicine. The advantages of TPGS include P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition, penetration promotion, apoptosis induction via mitochondrial-associated apoptotic pathways, multidrug resistant (MDR) reversion, metastasis inhibition and so on. TPGS-based drug delivery systems which are responding to external stimulus can combine the inhibitory functions of TPGS towards P-gp with the environmentally responsive controlled release property and thus exerts a synergistic anti-cancer effect, through increased intracellular drug concentration in tumors cells and well-controlled drug release behavior. In this review, TPGS-based nano-sized delivery systems responsive to different stimuli were summarized and discussed, including pH-responsive, redoxresponsive and multi-responsive systems in various formulations. The achievements, mechanisms and different characteristics of TPGS-based stimuli-responsive drug-delivery systems in tumor therapy were also outlined.In the 1920s, Dr Otto Warburg first suggested the significant difference in energy metabolism between malignant cancer cells and adjacent normal cells. Tumor cells mainly adopt the glycolysis as energy source to maintain tumor cell growth and biosynthesis under aerobic conditions. Investigation on energy metabolism pathway in cancer cells has aroused the interest of cancer researchers all around the world. In recent years, plentiful studies suggest that targeting the peculiar cancer energy metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation may be an effective strategy to starve cancer cells by blocking essential nutrients. Natural products (NPs) are considered as the "treasure trove of small molecules drugs" and have played an

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