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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-03084014-pf-3084014.html to measure biological age would allow for patient risk stratification and individualization of immunosuppression, improving outcomes for the growing numbers of older patients undergoing kidney transplantation.Approximately 15% of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) develop BK viremia (BKV), with 1%-10% developing BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN), which histologically resembles rejection. The Diagnosing Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Recipients (DART) study showed that donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) levels Data on dd-cfDNA, plasma BK viral loads, and biopsy findings from patients from the DART study were retrospectively examined. BKV was defined as 500-10 000 copies/mL. Presumptive BKVAN was defined as BK >10 000 copies/mL. Of 102 participants with biopsies, 10 patients with BKV and BKVAN had paired dd-cfDNA, and viral loads available for analysis. Patients diagnosed with BKV and BKVAN had a median dd-cfDNA of 0.58% (IQR 0.43-1.15) and 3.38% (IQR 2.3-4.56, = 0.001), respectively. dd-cfDNA titers correlated with BK PCR viral loads (R = 0.874, = 0.01) and the presence of histologic evidence of BKVAN (100% sensitivity, 50% specificity). Five of 7 patients with BKVAN, but only 2 of 7 with BKV, had biopsies meeting Banff criteria for T-cell-mediated rejection. Median dd-cfDNA in nonrejection patients was 0.43% versus 2.84% in rejection patients ( = 0.001). Higher dd-cfDNA titers were associated with higher BK viral loads, biopsy-diagnosed BVAN, as well histologic changes meeting Banff criteria for as T-cell-mediated rejection. dd-cfDNA may be a useful noninvasive test to assess for progression of BKV to BKVAN. Higher dd-cfDNA titers were associated with higher BK viral loads, biopsy-diagnosed BVAN, as well histologic changes meeting Banff criteria for as T-cell-mediated rejection. dd-cfDNA may be a useful noninvasive test to assess for progression of BKV to BKVAN.Subcutaneous pouch is a

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