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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/2-deoxy-d-glucose.html The human intestine is colonized by a variety of microbes that influence the metabolic responses, the immune system and the nervous system. Dietary patterns are important factors that shape the composition of the gut microbiota. Many animal models of alcohol exposure have highlighted the key role of the alcohol-induced gut microbiota alterations, leaky gut and translocation of microbial products in the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, in humans, there is no clear picture defining an "alcoholic microbiome", and the link between intestinal dysbiosis and ALD development is far from being understood. Although we do not comprehend all the mechanistic insights, clinical studies aiming at modulating the gut microbiota of alcoholic patients have shown some beneficial effects. Here we review the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics in ALD and give some clinical perspectives on the role of prebiotics and the use of fecal microbiota transplantation. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infection spreading worldwide at an unprecedented rate. Our aim was to assess the frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in COVID-19. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies reporting clinical data about COVID-19 patients, published until 25th March 2020. The primary endpoint was the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 patients complaining of GI symptoms. Secondary endpoints were the pooled prevalence of cases with COVID-19 positive stool samples, and of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. We used random-effects model for meta-analysis. Thirty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis. Out of 4434 COVID-19 patients, the pooled prevalence of GI manifestations was 11.51% (95% CI 8.16 to 15.35). The most frequent GI symptom was diarrhea (7.78% of cases ; 95% CI 5.05 to 11.04), followed by nausea/vomiting (3.57% ; 95% CI 1.87 to 5.80), poor appetite (2.39% ; 95%CI

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