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To increase the success rate in the clinic, the potential targets raised by basic research should be validated in preclinical animal models before launching industrial drug development projects.Tumour microenvironment provides the 'soil' for tumour growth. Besides tumour cells, there are also numbers of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and other components in the tumour microenvironment. In the past years, kinds of ligands and markers specifically high-expressed on the surface of the tumour stromal cells have been explored, which can be used as the therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Recently, the antitumor drugs by targeting stromal cells, including small-molecular inhibitor and large-molecular monoclonal antibody, have been widely discovered and applied in clinic attributed to their specific targeting ability. Moreover, the targeted drug delivery system also paid more and more attentions due to their desired profiles in increased accumulation at tumour sites, enhanced antitumor ability and less toxicity and side effects. Therefore, it is of great significance to find and construct drug delivery systems targeting tumour stromal cells. In this review, we discussed the widely recognised therapeutic targets on tumour stromal cells, besides, the current status on the targeting drugs as well as the drug delivery systems were also highlighted.Background ultraviolet radiation types A and B (UV) (400-315nm and 315-280nm respectively) are the main components present in sunlight known to cause skin injuries. https://www.selleckchem.com/EGFR(HER).html Arnica montana is a plant that has been widely studied for containing anti-inflammatory, healing and analgesic properties capable of preventing or ameliorating lesions. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of topical application of Arnica montana after UVB-induced cutaneous injuries in mice.Methods mice were exposed to UVB radiation (Philips TL40W/12 RS lamp) in a period of 3 hours. After one hour of radiation exposure, the animals were treated with topical application of Arnica montana ointment (250 mg/g) in the ear. At the time of 16 hours after treatment, the parameters of edema, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction were measured in the ear of mice.Results our results demonstrated that topical treatment with edema montana reduced the UVB-induced inflammatory response as demonstrated by the reduction of ear edema, inhibition of myeloperoxidase activation, decrease of nuclear factor kappa B levels and reduction of proinflammatory cytokines levels, such as interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. In addition, Arnica montana ameliorated oxidative damage mediated by UVB radiation, as demonstrated by the reduction of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and increase of tissue antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels in the ear.Conclusion we concluded that Arnica montana ointment is effective in alleviating the auricular inflammatory process and oxidative damage induced by acute UVB radiation, sustaining the traditional use of Arnica montana for the treatment of skin disorders.Little is known about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients experience with home-based health treatments, which are currently rapidly evolving. A previous randomized controlled trial investigated the use of long-term oxygen enriched high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) treatment at home. The aim of this study was to explore COPD patients' experience using home HFNC treatment. Patients in this qualitative study were included from the previous RCT. All patients used long-term oxygen therapy and HFNC, the latter as a primarily nocturnal add-on. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews focused on four themes 'Description of daily use', 'Experienced changes', 'Treatment benefits and disadvantages' and 'User-friendliness'. The interviewer played an encouraging, non-normative neutral facilitator role in order to give the participants possibility to explain themselves as fully as possible. Participants were recruited until themes were saturated. A total of 12 patients (5 males, 7 females) and 8 relatives participated. Six themes were identified as important to patient adherence Perceived lower work of breathing; reduced symptoms; improved quality of sleep; increased activity of daily living; feeling safe; technology use. The results increase our knowledge of patient experience of using HFNC for home treatment, which improved the patients' experience through reducing symptoms and increase the activity of daily living. Furthermore, they substantiate the necessity of perceived usefulness and ease of use as important factors for adherence to treatment.Background School nurses play a vital role in concussion management at the secondary school level, often being the only on-site healthcare provider during school hours. However, little is known regarding how they perceive their role in the concussion management process. The purpose of this study was to explore school nurses' perceptions and satisfaction with concussion management in the secondary school setting using a qualitative approach.Methods Twenty-two school nurses employed within a United States secondary school setting completed individual, semi-structured phone interviews. Data were analyzed using a consensual qualitative research approach.Results Four overall themes emerged. This manuscript focuses on one specific theme school nurse perceptions and satisfaction regarding concussion management. Subthemes included school nurses' overall perception and satisfaction with current concussion management procedures, interactions with other involved personnel, concussion assessment tools, school nurses' perceived role, current concussion management policies, concussion education, and school nurse continuing education specific to concussion.Conclusions School nurses were generally positive regarding concussion management within their setting and were satisfied with their roles overall. However, participants identified a number of areas that require further attention to ensure an evidence-based, consistent team approach to concussion management to support best student outcomes and continuity of care.
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