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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cisplatin.html Study design Review. Objectives To review the current state of endoscopic spine surgery with regard to discectomy, interbody fusion, and combination with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs in order to evaluate its relevance to the future of spine care. Methods A review of the literature and expert opinion is used to accomplish the objectives. Results The greatest strength of endoscopic spine surgery lies in its adherence to the basic tenets of minimally invasive surgery and its innate compatibility with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs, which aim to improve outcomes and reduce health care costs. The greatest challenge faced is the unique surgical skill set and significant learning curve. Conclusions Endoscopic spine surgery strives to achieve the core goals of minimally invasive surgery, while reducing cost and enhancing quality. In a healthcare market that is becoming increasingly burdened by cost and regulatory constraints, the utilization of endoscopy may become more widespread in the coming years.Study design Special Issues MIS/Navigation. Objectives Over the past decade, cervical total disc replacement has been established in numerous randomized clinical trials as an alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the long-term outcomes after cervical arthroplasty. Methods/results Early outcomes (studies with 2-year follow-up) after arthroplasty established the efficacy of total disc replacement and, more recently, long-term studies have shown the durability of these good clinical outcomes. Biomechanical and clinical data have demonstrated that this motion preservation technology decreases adjacent-level stresses compared with fusion. Additionally, long-term outcomes as well as outcomes after multilevel arthroplasty have now established the role of arthroplasty in select patient populations, namely patients with 1- and 2-level spondylosis/stenosis

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