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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cathepsin-Inhibitor-1.html On the other side, although Raji-B and TK6 showed lesser PSNPs uptake, mild toxicity, ROS production and genotoxicity were detected. These results highlight the importance of the cell line selection when the biological effects of PSNPs are evaluated.An iron-humic acid (Fe-HA) complex was used as a redox mediator in perchlorate (ClO4-) bioreduction. Bioreduction performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and microbial community structure were comprehensively explored using different types of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) immobilised without the Fe-HA complex (AnGSCON) and with the Fe-HA complex (AnGSFH). The ClO4- was completely removed by AnGSCON by day 20, while the ClO4- was completely removed by AnGSFH by day 6. The AnGS immobilised with the Fe-HA complex significantly increased the ClO4- bioreduction. The acceleration of ClO4- bioreduction was also explained by the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), MLVSS/mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), EPS composition, and microbial community structure. Compared with AnGSCON, the MLVSS and MLVSS/MLSS of the AnGSFH increased 1.4- and 1.2-fold, respectively. Humic substances in the EPS were stimulated by the Fe-HA complex. The microbial community structure analysis indicated that perchlorate and quinone reducing bacteria were enriched by the Fe-HA complex. Based on the analysis, the ClO4- bioreduction mechanism of the AnGSFH was revealed because the Fe-HA complex in the AnGS increased the biomass concentration, biological activity, and redox-active mediator and shifted the microbial community structure.The correlation of the lack in multivalent cations with hydrolase activity and microbial community in anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge was investigated in this study. It was demonstrated that considerable solid phase reduction of 41 % (7.87 g/L) was achievable through a cation exchange resin-enhanced anaerobic fermentat

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