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https://www.selleckchem.com/ The underutilization of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among cisgender women in the U.S. limits this population's ability to reduce their risk for HIV infection, especially within the unique individual, social and structural systems they navigate. There is a need to identify the relevant multi-level barriers and facilitators to PrEP use among cisgender women to inform theory-guided efforts that address HIV disparities by race/ethnicity among cisgender women. Guided by the Integrated Behavioral Model and the Behavioral Model of Vulnerble Populations we conducted 41 interviews with PrEP eligible cisgender women in New York City and Philadelphia. Directed content analysis identified 11 modal behavioral beliefs crucial to PrEP uptake, including anticipated negative social consequences, 5 normative beliefs centered on available social supports, and 9 control beliefs such as anticipated barriers such as cost. Awareness and knowledge of PrEP as a biobehavioral HIV prevention method is limited for this sample. Through conventional content analysis we identified interpersonal and structural barriers to PrEP uptake including lack of partner support, transportation, mental health challenges, and challenges in accessing PrEP care. Potential solutions to structural barriers were enumerated along with implications for future intervention work and public health programming. To translate the English version of general medication adherence scale (GMAS) into a Chinese version and test its reliability and validity in Chinese patients with chronic diseases. After translating the original English version into Chinese (GMAS-C) following the forward-backward translation and expert review procedure, we conducted a pilot study among 10 chronic disease patients. Each patient took about 10 min to complete the scale and was asked about the difficulty of understanding or filling the scale. Then a total of 312 patients aged 18 years or older with chronic illness wer

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