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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mli-2.html Many essential enzymes in bacteria remain promising potential targets of antibacterial agents. In this study, we discovered that dequalinium, a topical antibacterial agent, is an inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus primase DnaG (SaDnaG) with low-micromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations against several S. aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant bacteria. Mechanistic studies of dequalinium and a series of nine of its synthesized analogues revealed that these compounds are single-stranded DNA bisintercalators that penetrate a bacterium by compromising its membrane. The best compound of this series likely interacts with DnaG directly, inhibits both staphylococcal cell growth and biofilm formation, and displays no significant hemolytic activity or toxicity to mammalian cells. This compound is an excellent lead for further development of a novel anti-staphylococcal therapeutic.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been described to induce angiogenesis in various tissues and have been used for the development of novel cell-based therapies. Increasing evidence suggests that MSCs execute their paracrine function via the secretion of exosomes, especially under hypoxic conditions. However, the mechanisms by which MSC-derived exosomes secreted under hypoxia enhance angiogenesis still remain unclear. To study exosome physiology under hypoxic or normoxic conditions, we isolated exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, we detected the uptake of exosomes by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by immunofluorescence staining. In addition, we determined the effects of exosomes on cell viability, migration and tube formation in HUVECs by Cell Counting Kit-8, migration and tube formation assays, respectively. We examined the expression of key proteins related to exosome-induced angiogenesis by BMSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions by western blot. Exosomes released by BMSCs cultured under

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