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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html BACKGROUND High-grade gliomas likely remodel the metabolic machinery to meet the increased demands for amino acids and nucleotides during rapid cell proliferation. Glycine, a non-essential amino acid and intermediate of nucleotide biosynthesis, may increase with proliferation. Non-invasive measurement of glycine by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was evaluated as an imaging biomarker for assessment of tumor aggressiveness. METHODS We measured glycine, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) and other tumor-related metabolites in 35 glioma patients using an MRS sequence tailored for co-detection of glycine and 2HG in gadolinium-enhancing and non-enhancing tumor regions on 3T MRI. Glycine and 2HG concentrations as measured by MRS were correlated with tumor cell proliferation (MIB-1 labeling index), expression of mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2) and glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) enzymes, and patient overall survival. RESULTS Elevated glycine was strongly associated with presence of gadolinium enhancemBACKGROUND Lymphocyte Antigen 6 Complex, Locus K (LY6K) is a putative oncogene in various cancers. Elevated expression of LY6K is correlated with poor patient prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM). The aim of this study is to advance our understanding of the mechanism by which LY6K contributes to GBM tumor biology. METHODS Bioinformatic data mining was used to investigate LY6K expression in relation to GBM clinical outcome. To understand the role of LY6K in GBM, we utilized patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and U87 cells and employed immunoblotting, immunofluorescent staining, radiation treatment, and orthotopic GBM xenograft models. RESULTS Our results show that increased expression of LY6K inversely correlates with GBM patient survival. LY6K promotes tumorigenicity in GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism underlying this tumorigenic behavior is enhancement of ERK1/2 signaling. Interestingly

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