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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd0166285.html White areas of star-type bicolor petals of petunia (Petunia hybrida) are caused by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of the key enzyme of anthocyanin biosynthesis. We observed blotched flowers and a vein-clearing symptom in aged petunia plants. To determine the cause of blotched flowers, we focused on an endogenous pararetrovirus, petunia vein clearing virus (PVCV), because this virus may have a suppressor of PTGS (VSR). Transcripts and episomal DNAs derived from proviral PVCVs accumulated in aged plants, indicating that PVCV was activated as the host plant aged. Furthermore, DNA methylation of CG and CHG sites in the promoter region of proviral PVCV decreased in aged plants, suggesting that poor maintenance of DNA methylation activates PVCV. In parallel, de novo DNA methylation of CHH sites in its promoter region was also detected. Therefore, both activation and inactivation of PVCV occurred in aged plants. The accumulation of PVCV transcripts and episomal DNAs in blotched regions and the detection of VSR activity support a mechanism in which suppression of PTGS by PVCV causes blotched flowers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.At the dawn of a new era of interactive and responsive materials and dynamic molecular systems there is ample opportunity to raise the level of complexity enabling mechanical motion, autonomous behavior, or interactive self-regulatory functions. Some of the major challenges and opportunities are discussed with a brief perspective toward future developments on responsive materials. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Objective measurements of ADHD symptom levels can be a highly valuable complement to ratings. However, sometimes it is not feasible to bring patients into the clinic/lab for assessment. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the psychometric properties of the QbCheck, an online computerized test that measures error

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