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https://www.selleckchem.com/ Functional cartilage tissue engineering needs a substantial, easy to handle scaffold with proper mechanical strength to repair defected area in articular cartilage. In this study, we report the development and characterization of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in with a poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) to have a proper homogenous injectable scaffold. Injectabiliy of the biodegradable scaffolds, degradation rate, swelling ratio compression and tensile mechanical properties, and viability and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) followed by differentiation of them In-vitro and In-vivo seeded within the scaffold were studied. It demonstrated that the PVA 20% could increase significantly (p  less then  0.05) the biodegradability of DBM after 720 hours.DBM with 20% of PVA scaffold has significantly higher (p  less then  0.05) compression and tensile mechanical strength and viscosity. SEM images showed a multilayer of cells on DBM scaffold incorporated with PVA 20%.BM-MSCs on scaffolds, DBM+PVA 20% had a significant growth rate (p  less then  0.0001) compare to 2D and low concentration of PVA after 21 days of culture. Viability of cells was significantly higher (p  less then  0.05) on DBM+PVA scaffold compare to DBM. DBM+PVA 20% enhanced cell viability (P  less then  0.05) compare to DBM scaffold. The PVA presence enhanced chondrogenesis differentiation at the cellular and molecular levels, as evidenced by increased COL II (P  less then  0.05) and SOX2 upregulation of Chondrogensis-specific genes (p  less then  0.001). Hyline-like cartilage covered the defect which was confirmed by microscopy and histology assessments. Having considered percentages of PVA with a constant amount of DBM, injectability, compressive mechanical properties, homogeneity of the scaffold, and providing sufficient surface area (12.25 cm2/ml) for cell attachment; 0.35 g/ml of DBM in 20% PVA (w/v) has applicable properties within the ranges of studies wh

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