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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sf1670.html ue in that it elicits predominantly non-neutralizing antibodies that activate Fc receptors and bind complement, and a glycoprotein D subunit vaccine that elicits neutralizing, but not Fc receptor activating or complement binding responses. Only the single-cycle vaccine provided both active and passive protection against a lethal ocular challenge. These findings greatly expand our understanding of the types of immune responses needed to protect the eye and will inform future prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of paediatric respiratory disease. Large numbers of neutrophils are recruited into the airways of children with severe RSV disease. It is not clear whether or how neutrophils enhance recovery from disease or contribute to its pathology.Using an in vitro model of the differentiated airway epithelium, we found that addition of physiological concentrations of neutrophils to RSV infected nasal cultures was associated with greater epithelial damage with lower ciliary activity, cilia loss, less tight junction expression (ZO-1) and more detachment of epithelial cells than seen with RSV infection alone. This was also associated with a decrease in infectious virus and fewer RSV positive cells in cultures after neutrophil exposure compared to pre-exposure. Epithelial damage in response to RSV infection was associated with neutrophil activation (within 1h), and neutrophil degranulation with significantly greater cellular expression of CD11b, MPO and higher neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase activity in apical surface medias compared to that from mock-infected AECs. We also recovered more apoptotic neutrophils from RSV infected cultures (>40%), compared to less then 5% in mock infected cultures after 4h.The results of this study could provide important insights into the role of neutrophils in host response in the a

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