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https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyclosporin-A(Cyclosporine-A).html Many herbaceous plants feature remarkably regular arrangements of lateral organs along the central axis. These phyllotactic patterns are generated by a constant divergence angle between successive buds (or whorls thereof) that first appears at the shoot apircal meristem and is maintained across later ontogentic stages when it can be observed at the macroscopic scale. Do the branches along a tree trunk exhibit similar patterns? Here we use branch skeleton data derived from terrestrial laser scans to empirically estimate the distributions of the divergence angles between successive branches along the trunks of mature European beech, Norway spruce, and Scots pine trees. We find that rather than clustering around a particular value, species-specific branch divergence angles feature statistical properties characteristic of a uniform distribution. We hypothesise this to be the result of the stochasticity in bud development and branch shedding, and provide a rigorous mathematical proof that even when the divergence angle between successive lateral buds is constant, the observed distribution of branch divergence angles will approximate a uniform distribution if bud mortality and branch shedding rates are high.Maternal selection and overlapping generations can facilitate the stable coexistence of alleles under temporally fluctuating environment. Using mathematical models, we considered the complex effect of both factors on the maintenance of genetic polymorphism in cyclically changing environments. We concentrated on asymmetric cyclic selection, which allows describing fluctuations of environments by analogy of food resources cycles with rare peaks and prolonged decline of prey abundance. The complex effect of maternal selection and overlapping generations turned out to work as follows although overlapping generations always tend to dilate the polymorphism region, odd and even external cycles produce dif

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