Retinal vascular abnormalities (RVA) have been recently described in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) as vascular tortuosity, best visible on infrared imaging. This study assessed clinical RVA's characteristics in a large series of children with NF1.
 
  This retrospective observational study was conducted in children (0 - 18 years old) with an NF1 diagnosis. Using near infrared imaging, RVAs were classified according to the nature of vessels involvement and their degree of tortuosity.
 
  Retinal imaging from 140 children, with a median age of 8.8 [1.5 - 18] years, were included; 52 (37.1%) patients (81 eyes) exhibited RVAs. These RVAs comprised 96% (50/52) of simple vascular tortuosity and 17% (9/52) of cork-screw pattern. Cork-screw pattern involved only small veins, while simple vascular tortuosity could affect both arteries and veins. No statistically significant age correlation was observed, but evolution of RVAs from simple vascular tortuosity to cork-screw pattern was observed in 5 cases.
 
  Retinal vascular abnormalities occurred in 37.1% of children with NF1. These abnormalities may result from NF1 promoting localised tortuosity in both small arteries and veins, while only small second or tertiary order venules evolve to highly tortuous pattern.
 Retinal vascular abnormalities occurred in 37.1% of children with NF1. These abnormalities may result from NF1 promoting localised tortuosity in both small arteries and veins, while only small second or tertiary order venules evolve to highly tortuous pattern.
  To identify the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes of posterior segment complications (PSC) after Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro) implantation.
 
  Retrospective, consecutive case series of KPro procedures at the Stein Eye Institute. Data regarding ocular history, intraoperative details, postoperative management, and outcomes were collected. Eyes with at least one PSC (PSC Group) were compared with eyes without PSC (No PSC Group) and risk factors for PSC were determined.
 
  95 PSC occurred in 69/169 eyes (40.8%), at a mean of 20.1 months after KPro implantation (0.01 complications/eye-month). The median follow-up after KPro implantation was 44.0 months (range 3.0 - 174.4). The most common PSC were epiretinal membrane (ERM, 16.6%), cystoid macular edema (CME, 12.4%), vitritis (11.2%) and retinal detachment (RD, 9.5%). Previous RD repair, concomitant intraocular lens removal, postoperative aphakia and vitritis were risk factors for RD. Postoperative infectious keratitis was a risk factor for ERM, CME and vitritis. PSC Group had a significantly higher rate of eyes failing to maintain visual acuity ≥ 20/200 (HR = 2.28; 95%CI = 1.35 - 3.85) and KPro retention failure rate (HR = 1.66; 95%CI = 0.95 - 2.91).
 
  PSC occur in approximately 40% of eyes after KPro implantation, resulting in reduced visual outcomes and KPro retention.
 PSC occur in approximately 40% of eyes after KPro implantation, resulting in reduced visual outcomes and KPro retention.
  To investigate morphologic features along posterior staphyloma edges in eyes with pathologic myopia using ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT) imaging.
 
  Highly myopic patients (refractive error < 8.0 diopters or axial length ≥ 26.5 mm) were consecutively examined by prototype UWF-OCT with scan width of 23 mm and depth of 5 mm. Staphyloma edges were assessed for scleral, choroidal and retinal status, as well as measurements of angle size. Findings were correlated with pigmentary changes observed on Optos® fundus photography, and multivariate logistic regression analyses performed.
 
  In 164 eyes diagnosed with posterior staphyloma by UWF-OCT, choroidal thinning and scleral protrusion were hallmark features of staphyloma edges, observed simultaneously in over 95% of staphylomatous eyes. Outer neural retinal thinning was observed in 80 eyes (48.8%), whilst 15 eyes (9.1%) showed retinal pigment epithelium damage. The mean angle at the staphyloma edge was 23° ± 12.4° (range 8° to 77°). Larger angles were significant predictors of retinal thinning (AOR 1.17, CI 1.09-1.25) and detection of staphyloma by Optos® pseudocolour fundus photography (AOR 1.08, CI 1.02-1.15).
 
  These morphological findings may provide a basis for exploring the natural evolution of posterior staphyloma as part of the development of pathologic myopia.
 These morphological findings may provide a basis for exploring the natural evolution of posterior staphyloma as part of the development of pathologic myopia.
  The mucocutaneous line and the lip vermilion are important structures from an esthetic standpoint but also in relation to the functionality of the mouth. In the literature, several types of flaps have been described for reparation of labial defects in adults. In this study, the authors analyze results of surgical reconstruction of the lower lip in the pediatric population using unilateral or bilateral mucomuscular elastic flaps for labial reconstruction. A retrospective analysis of 10 patients operated between 2003 and 2018 at our institution was made. The following demographic and clinical data were collected age, sex, diagnosis, type of flap, follow-up, results, and complications. The Strasser scale was chosen for assessment of postoperative photographic results. Average age was 8.1 years (range 3-18). The most frequent etiology was arteriovenous malformation seen in 60% of cases. All cases corresponded to a defect of the lower lip. The average percentage of lip compromised was 44% and the largest length e collected age, sex, diagnosis, type of flap, follow-up, results, and complications. The Strasser scale was chosen for assessment of postoperative photographic results. Average age was 8.1 years (range 3-18). The most frequent etiology was arteriovenous malformation seen in 60% of cases. All cases corresponded to a defect of the lower lip. The average percentage of lip compromised was 44% and the largest length of compromise observed was 60% of the lip. Follow-up was on average 2.4 years.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sch-900776.html  Esthetic results according to the Strasser method were as follows 1 patient presented an excellent esthetic result, 5 good, 4 regular, and 0 poor.Considering the esthetic outcomes and low incidence of complications of the mucomuscular elastic flap, it is an acceptable and recommended technique of choice for lip vermilion reconstruction.