https://www.selleckchem.com/products/elamipretide-mtp-131.html The presence of pancytopenia and or intensifying and unremitting clinical symptoms are often treated with hypomethylating agents or (anti-thymocyte globulin if hypocellular MDS is of concern). Targeted therapies are emerging for small subsets of MDS patients with specific somatic mutations (ie, TP53, IDH1/2, FLT3), although currently, there are no approved, mutation-directed medications to treat MDS.In 2020, for the great majority of patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), life expectancy is unaffected by a diagnosis of CML because of the unparalleled efficacy of ABL-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in halting disease progression. A wealth of choices exist for first-line treatment selection, including the first-generation TKI imatinib and the second-generation TKIs bosutinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. How I select first-line therapy between first-generation and second-generation TKIs is discussed in the context of patient-specific CML disease risk, therapy-related risks, and treatment goals. Although rare, identifying patients with CML at higher risk for disease progression or resistance is important and influences first-line TKI selection. I review the impact of first-generation vs second-generation TKI selection on treatment response and outcomes; the ability to achieve, as well as the timing of, treatment-free remission; and the impact of specific TKIs on longer-term health.Novel agents, including Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi; ibrutinib, acalabrutinib), venetoclax, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3Ki; idelalisib, duvelisib), have fundamentally changed the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment landscape, allowing for a chemotherapy-free paradigm for many. Randomized trials that demonstrated efficacy of these agents in the relapsed/refractory setting rarely included patients with prior novel agent exposure. Herein, we review available dat