er evaluated for HPP. The critical values identified need to be applied to an independent sample to be tested for diagnostic accuracy.
 This study supported the use of ALP and PLP measurements as predictive of HPP diagnosis along with certain demographic and clinical characteristics (younger age, metatarsal or femoral fractures without low mean BMD T- and Z-scores on a DXA scan) that can aid in recognizing adults who should be further evaluated for HPP. The critical values identified need to be applied to an independent sample to be tested for diagnostic accuracy.Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are key to several diagnostics assays and basic science research. Blood pre-analytical variations that occur before obtaining the PBMC fraction can significantly impact the assays results, including viability, composition, integrity, and gene expression changes of immune cells. With this as motivation, we performed a quantitative shotgun proteomics analysis using Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ 8plex) labeling to compare PBMC obtained from 24 h-stored blood at room temperature versus freshly isolated. We identified a total of 3195 proteins, of which 245 were differentially abundant (101 upregulated and 144 downregulated). Our results revealed enriched pathways of downregulated proteins related to exocytosis, localization, vesicle-mediated transport, cell activation, and secretion. In contrast, pathways related to exocytosis, neutrophil degranulation and activation, granulocyte activation, leukocyte degranulation, and myeloid leukocyte activation involved in immune response were enriched in upregulated proteins, which may indicate probable granulocyte contamination and activation due to blood storage time and temperature. Examples of upregulated proteins in the 24 h-PBMC samples are CAMP, S100A8, LTA4H, RASAL3, and S100A6, which are involved in an adaptive immune system and antimicrobial activity, proinflammatory mediation, aminopeptidase activities, and naïve T cells survival. Moreover, examples of downregulated proteins are NDUFA5, TAGLN2, H3C1, TUBA8, and CCT2 that are related to the cytoskeleton, cell junction, mitochondrial respiratory chain. In conclusion, the delay in blood-processing time directly impacts the proteomic profile of human PBMC, possibly through granulocyte contamination and activation.
  To describe Canadian parents' experiences with mode of birth for preterm singleton pregnancies; knowledge about maternal and infant risks of the different modes of preterm birth, particularly breech birth; and communication preferences with respect to mode of birth.
 
  We conducted an online survey of Canadian parents who had experienced the preterm birth of a live-born infant between 2010 and 2019. Data were collected from August to September 2019. The sample size was calculated as requiring 96 participants.
 
  Of the 153 respondents, 152 were mothers. Respondents were approximately evenly split between those who had experienced an extremely preterm birth (<28 wk), a very preterm birth (28-31 wk), or a moderate-to-late preterm birth (32-36 wk). Most parents reported that mode of birth was discussed before the birth (61.7%, 73.3% and 77.3% for extremely, very, and moderate-to-late preterm births, respectively). The minority of parents reported being given a choice about mode of birth (20.8%, 23.0%, and 36.4% for extremely, very, and moderate-to-late preterm births, respectively). The use of written material during discussion on mode of birth was rare (2.1%, 3.3% and 6.8% for extremely, very, and moderate-to-late preterm births, respectively). Of women who had a cesarean delivery, 39.6% (36/91) were unaware of the maternal risks. Many parents expressed preference for both oral and written communication during counselling on mode of birth (62.6%).
 
  Few Canadian parents reported receiving a choice about mode of preterm birth, being aware of associated risks, or receiving written information. There is an urgent need to develop tools that provide information for parents facing preterm birth.
 Few Canadian parents reported receiving a choice about mode of preterm birth, being aware of associated risks, or receiving written information. There is an urgent need to develop tools that provide information for parents facing preterm birth.Substance use during pregnancy continues to be an area of concern in Canada. Rates of substance use appear to be increasing among women of childbearing age, and use during pregnancy may effect maternal and fetal outcomes. Little is known of the prevalence of methamphetamine use during pregnancy and its impact, but maternity care providers are encountering patients who use methamphetamines in their practices. These health care providers are asking for evidence-based recommendations for management and treatment. There is an immediate and urgent need to address this gap in order to improve the health of pregnant women and their babies.
  This study sought to examine and compare the characteristics and prenatal care and pregnancy outcomes of women with and without substance use disorder (SUD). It also examined whether there were differences in prenatal care and pregnancy outcomes within the population of substance-using women based on the stability of their SUD during pregnancy.
 
  This retrospective cohort study involved pregnant women with and without SUD who accessed care through the Maternity Centre of Hamilton between 2015 and 2017. Cases and controls were matched 11 for gravidity, parity, ethnicity, smoking status, and postal code.
 
  Fifty-five pregnant women with SUD were identified and matched to 55 pregnant women without SUD. When analyzed by stability of substance use, women with stable SUD had similar outcomes to those of women without SUD. Women with unstable SUD received the poorest prenatal care and were more likely to have their infants removed from their care. There was significant movement towards stability of maternal substacy.
  To report antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal factors associated with breech birth from our Breech Program at South Health Campus, Calgary.
 
  We reviewed all maternal and neonatal patient records where breech birth was documented from 2013 to 2018. Neonatal blood gas values, Apgar scores, birth weight, admissions to NICU, antenatal ultrasound reports, inpatient electronic medical records, and operative and delivery reports, were reviewed. Any indices known as indications, contraindications, or outcomes associated with breech birth were recorded and summarized.
 
  Among the 499 breech births that occurred over the study period, there were109 attempted external cephalic versions, 411 planned and 39 unplanned cesarean deliveries, and 49 vaginal deliveries.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ag-221-enasidenib.html  Unplanned cesarean delivery was performed for newly diagnosed breech presentation in labour (14), footling presentation in labour (9), abnormal fetal heart rate (4), labour dystocia (8), ultrasound findings of low fluid (2) or unfavourable fetal position (1), and worsening maternal hypertension (1).