The prevalence of unknown vertebral fractures evaluated by systematic vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) was 21% in patients over 50 years of age who suffered from a recent low-trauma non-severe peripheral fracture.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/myk-461.html  The outcome of VFA resulted in changes in the management of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of VFA in detecting vertebral fractures (VFs) in patients over 50 years of age, who suffered from a recent low-trauma non-severe peripheral fracture. METHODS This was an observational, single-center, cross-sectional study conducted in patients over 50 years of age, who presented a recent low-trauma non-severe peripheral fracture and were identified by the Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) of Amiens University Hospital between December 2017 and March 2019. VFA was interpreted by two trained rheumatologists providing a consensual reading using Genant semi-quantitative assessment. RESULTS Of the 359 eligible patients, 114 patients (31.8%) were included (mean age 65.6  from a recent non-severe peripheral fracture.In orthopedic surgery amputations are most frequently indicated in cases of musculoskeletal tumors or failed total knee arthroplasty. An interdisciplinary team should even preoperatively commence to adapt the treatment to the patient-specific requirements. Recommendations on the level of amputation depend on the possibilities of treatment with an exoprosthesis or the underlying indications. Nowadays, exoprostheses can principally be fitted following amputation at nearly every level; however, it has to be taken into account that amputations below the knee joint are functionally superior to transfemoral amputations, given the implementation of a correct surgical technique. Postoperative stump conditioning is paramount, so that the final exoprosthesis should be customized not earlier than 4-6 months postoperatively. Wound healing disorders and contractures of abductor and flexor muscles represent the essential complications. Furthermore, phantom pain can lead to a significant impairment in quality of life immediately after or even years after the operation.BACKGROUND Management of acetabular bone loss is a demanding problem in revision total hip arthroplasty. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to introduce and discuss the results and the advantages and disadvantages of custom-made implants as a treatment option for severe acetabular bone defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A selective review of the existing literature of custom made acetabular implants was performed on PubMed. RESULTS Studies showed good clinical and radiological outcomes of custom made acetabular implants and a survival rate of more than 90%. CONCLUSION Custom-made acetabular implants are a reliable treatment option for severe acetabular defects and allow the reconstruction of the centre of rotation of the hip. The costs of these implants are high and planning is time consuming.This is a report of the reconstructive surgery of a patient with chondrosarcoma in the proximal radius. After extensive resection of the proximal radius that contained the tumor, the skeleton of the forearm was reconstructed by ulnar translocation. This patient was followed for 2 years, no recurrence of the tumor was found and the function of the forearm was nearly normal. This case is reported and discussed and a literature review is presented.Although cell division is usually portrayed as an equitable process by which a progenitor cell originates two identical daughter cells, there are multiple examples of asymmetric divisions that generate two cells that differ in their content, morphology and/or proliferative potential. The capacity of the cells to generate asymmetry during their division is of paramount biological relevance, playing essential roles during embryonic development, cellular regeneration and tissue morphogenesis. Problems with the proper establishment of asymmetry and polarity during cell division can give rise to cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as to also accelerate cellular aging. Interestingly, the microtubule organizing centers that orchestrate the formation of the mitotic spindle have been described among the cellular structures that can be differentially allocated during asymmetric cell divisions. This mini-review focuses on recent research from our group and others uncovering a role for the non-random distribution of the spindle-associated microtubule organizing centers in the differential distribution of aging factors during asymmetric mitoses and therefore in the maintenance of the replicative lifespan of the cells.Measures of tree balance play an important role in the analysis of phylogenetic trees. One of the oldest and most popular indices in this regard is the Colless index for rooted bifurcating trees, introduced by Colless (Syst Zool 31100-104, 1982). While many of its statistical properties under different probabilistic models for phylogenetic trees have already been established, little is known about its minimum value and the trees that achieve it. In this manuscript, we fill this gap in the literature. To begin with, we derive both recursive and closed expressions for the minimum Colless index of a tree with n leaves. Surprisingly, these expressions show a connection between the minimum Colless index and the so-called Blancmange curve, a fractal curve. We then fully characterize the tree shapes that achieve this minimum value and we introduce both an algorithm to generate them and a recurrence to count them. After focusing on two extremal classes of trees with minimum Colless index (the maximally balanced trees and the greedy from the bottom trees), we conclude by showing that all trees with minimum Colless index also have minimum Sackin index, another popular balance index.In Neuroscience, mathematical modelling involving multiple spatial and temporal scales can unveil complex oscillatory activity such as excitable responses to an input current, subthreshold oscillations, spiking or bursting. While the number of slow and fast variables and the geometry of the system determine the type of the complex oscillations, canard structures define boundaries between them. In this study, we use geometric singular perturbation theory to identify and characterise boundaries between different dynamical regimes in multiple-timescale firing rate models of the developing spinal cord. These rate models are either three or four dimensional with state variables chosen within an overall group of two slow and two fast variables. The fast subsystem corresponds to a recurrent excitatory network with fast activity-dependent synaptic depression, and the slow variables represent the cell firing threshold and slow activity-dependent synaptic depression, respectively. We start by demonstrating canard-induced bursting and mixed-mode oscillations in two different three-dimensional rate models.