The Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device (FRED; MicroVention) is a dual-layered flow diverter used for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The objective of this systematic review was to compile device-related safety and effectiveness data. The literature from January 1, 2013 to April 30, 2021 was searched for studies describing use of the FRED for intracranial aneurysm treatment irrespective of aneurysm location and morphology. The review included anterior and posterior circulation ruptured and unruptured saccular, fusiform or dissection, and blister aneurysms. MeSH terms related to "flow re-direction endoluminal device" and "FRED for aneurysms" were used. Data related to indication, complications, and rates of aneurysm occlusion were retrieved and analyzed. Twenty-two studies with 1729 intracranial aneurysms were included in this review. Overall reported morbidity was 3.9% (range 0-20%). Overall procedure-related mortality was 1.4% (range 0-6%). Complication rates fell into 5 categories technical (3.6%), ischemic (3.8%), thrombotic or stenotic (6%), hemorrhagic (1.5%), and non-neurological (0.8%). The aneurysm occlusion rate between 0 and 3 months (reported in 11 studies) was 47.8%. The occlusion rate between 4 and 6 months (reported in 14 studies) was 73.8%. Occlusion rates continued to increase to 75.1% at 7-12 months (reported in 10 studies) and 86.6% for follow-up beyond 1 year (reported in 10 studies). This review that the FRED is a safe and effective for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Future studies should directly compare the FRED with other flow diverters for a better understanding of comparative safety and effectiveness among the different devices. This review indicated that the FRED is a safe and effective for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Future studies should directly compare the FRED with other flow diverters for a better understanding of comparative safety and effectiveness among the different devices. To evaluate the risk factors leading to recurrence and new tumor (NT) development in patients with retinoblastoma after intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) and to review the treatment outcomes. The records of 166 retinoblastoma cases (having 246 affected eyes) who underwent six-cycle IVC (vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin) as primary treatment between October 1999 and August 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean ages at presentation were 9.0 (median 8.0) and 9.2 (median 8.5) months in cases with recurrence and NTs respectively. Recurrence was detected in 40 (16.3%) eyes, NTs in 29 (11.8%), and both recurrence/NTs in 24 (9.8%). The mean time elapsed till recurrence and NT was 10.7 months. Multivariable analysis showed that the factors predictive of recurrence were largest tumor base diameter (LTBD) >12 mm (  = 0.039) and presence of subretinal seeds at diagnosis (  = 0.043). Multivariable risk factors for the development of NTs were bilateral familial retinoblastoma (  = 0.001) and presence of subretinal seeds at diagnosis (  = 0.010). Mean follow-up was 80.1 (median 72.5) months. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nms-p937-nms1286937.html By Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 1-, 3-, and 6-year recurrence and NT rates were 21.2%, 28.1%, and 28.7% and 14.9%, 22.6%, and 23.9% respectively. The most common treatment methods used for recurrent and/or NTs included cryotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, and intra-arterial chemotherapy. Enucleation was eventually required in 24/93 (25.8%) eyes. No patient developed metastasis. Development of recurrence and/or NT after IVC was noted in 38% of all retinoblastoma eyes. Bilateral familial disease, LTBD >12 mm, and presence of subretinal seeds at baseline were risk factors for recurrence and NTs in this study. 12 mm, and presence of subretinal seeds at baseline were risk factors for recurrence and NTs in this study. Acoustic rhinometry is widely used in evaluating patients with nasal congestion, but it only has a partial correlation with patient symptoms. The use and focus of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans are mainly on the paranasal sinuses and less on the nasal cavities. Therefore, information acquired from CBCT scans is not used to its full extent. In our present study, we have studied patients with enlarged inferior turbinates. Our aim was to investigate and compare the use of 3D volumetric measurements and cross-sectional area measurements taken from CBCT scans to results obtained from acoustic rhinometry. In total, 25 patients with enlarged inferior turbinates were studied. CBCT scans were obtained preoperatively and at twelve months postoperatively. 3D volumetric and cross-sectional area measurements were compared to results from acoustic rhinometry, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Glasgow Health Status Inventory (GHSI) questionnaires. A statistically significant change in 3D volume and cross-sectional area was measured in the anterior part of the inferior turbinate and surrounding air space after inferior turbinate surgery. VAS and GHSI results had mild correlations with the 3D volume and cross-sectional area measurements of the anterior part of the inferior turbinate. Acoustic rhinometry correlated with the air space 3D volume measurements in the anterior part. Fully utilized CBCT scans provide more comprehensive and accurate information. Furthermore, 3D analysis of the inferior turbinates provides valuable information and more precise measurements compared to acoustic rhinometry. Fully utilized CBCT scans provide more comprehensive and accurate information. Furthermore, 3D analysis of the inferior turbinates provides valuable information and more precise measurements compared to acoustic rhinometry. Tessier 30 facial cleft is a rare anomaly presenting in the soft and hard tissues over the central lower face. Owing to the rarity of cases and difficulty of treatment, there is no universally accepted surgical management strategy. The last comprehensive literature review of Tessier 30 clefts was in 1996. This report aims to update the literature to inform decision-making on treating Tessier 30 cases. A literature search was performed. PubMed, SCOPUS, and OVID databases were searched. A total of 72 cases in 51 articles were analyzed, looking at demographics, extent of cleft, parent health, family history, procedures, follow-up, existence of other anomalies, and stages of repair. Surgeons are increasingly choosing to repair Tessier 30 defects in one rather than multiple stages. Of the 72 cases studied, only 31 had documented the completed repair of the cleft. All completed soft tissue only defects were repaired in 1 stage of repair (n = 11). Where both soft tissue and mandible was involved (n = 20), 55% (n = 11) had undergone 1-stage repair to address the Tessier 30 cleft.