The association between depression and prostate carcinogenesis has been reported in observational studies but the causality from depression on prostate cancer (PCa) remained unknown. We aimed to assess the causal effect of depression on PCa using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.
 
  Two sets of genetics instruments were used for analysis, derived from publicly available genetic summary data. One was 44 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) robustly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and the other was two SNPs related with depressive status as ever depressed for a whole week. Inverse-variance weighted method, weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum, and Outlier test were used for MR analyses.
 
  No evidence for an effect of MDD on PCa risk was found in inverse-variance weighted (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.97-1.30, p=0.135), MR-Egger (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.29-2.68, p=0.833), and weighted median (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.92-1.27, p=0.350). Also, no strong evidence for an effect of depressive status on PCa incidence was found using the inverse-variance weighted method (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.35-1.47, p=0.364).
 
  The large MR analysis indicated that depression may not be causally associated with a risk of PCa.
 The large MR analysis indicated that depression may not be causally associated with a risk of PCa.Stem cells offer the basis for the promotion of robust new therapeutic approaches for a variety of human disorders. There are still many limitations to be overcome before clinical therapeutic application, including a better understanding of the mechanism by which stem cell therapies may lead to enhanced recovery. In vitro investigations are necessary to dissect the mechanisms involved and to support the potential development in stem cell-based therapies. In spite of growing interest in human amniotic fluid stem cells, not much is known about the characteristics of their secretome and regarding the potential neuroprotective mechanism in different pathologies, including stroke. To get more insight on amniotic fluid cells therapeutic potential, signal transduction pathways activated by human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs)-derived secretome in a stroke in vitro model (ischemia/reperfusion [I/R] model) were investigated by Western blot. Moreover, miRNA expression in the exosomal fraction of the conditioned medium was analyzed. hAFSCs-derived secretome was able to activate pro-survival and anti-apoptotic pathways. MicroRNA analysis in the exosomal component revealed a panel of 16 overexpressed miRNAs involved in the regulation of coherent signaling pathways. In particular, the pathways of relevance in ischemia/reperfusion, such as neurotrophin signaling, and those related to neuroprotection and neuronal cell death, were analyzed. The results obtained strongly point toward the neuroprotective effects of the hAFSCs-conditioned medium in the in vitro stroke model here analyzed. This can be achieved by the modulation and activation of pro-survival processes, at least in part, due to the activity of secreted miRNAs.
  Alcohol-related harm in emergency departments linking to subsequent hospitalizations to quantify under-reporting of presentations.
 
  To quantify the proportion of emergency department (ED) presentations that could be identified as alcohol-related when linking to a patient's subsequent hospitalization, compared with using ED data alone, and to assess that comparison according to the change in alcohol harm rates over time and potential variations within subpopulations.
 
  A retrospective study using linked hospital administrative data to identify ED patients who had subsequent alcohol-related hospitalizations.
 
  Western Australia.
 
  A total of 533 816 Western Australian young people (246 866 females and 286 950 males), aged 12-24years.
 
  Whether or not presentations of young people to ED could be identified as alcohol-related, and for those that were not, how many had a subsequent alcohol-related hospitalization. Rates and proportions of alcohol-related harm for both methods of ascertainment were estimated by ion data, trends in alcohol-related harm presentations become significantly different within some subpopulations compared with using emergency department presentation data alone.
 Among young people in Western Australia, twice as many emergency department presentations could be identified as being alcohol-related using diagnosis information from subsequent hospitalizations compared with emergency department data alone. When supplemented with hospitalization data, trends in alcohol-related harm presentations become significantly different within some subpopulations compared with using emergency department presentation data alone.
  In this era of precision medicine, prognostic heterogeneity is an important feature of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases (BM). This multi-institutional study is aimed to verify the applicability of the adjusted Lung-molGPA model for NSCLC with BM in a Chinese cohort.
 
  This retrospective study included 1903 patients at three hospitals in Southwest China. The performance of the Lung-molGPA model was compared with that of the adjusted DS-GPA model in terms of estimating the survival of NSCLC with BM.
 
  The median OS of this patient cohort was 27.0months, and the adenocarcinoma survived longer than the non-adenocarcinoma (28.0months vs 18.7months, p<0.001). The adjusted Lung-molGPA model was more accurate in predicting survival of adenocarcinoma patients than the adjusted DS-GPA model (C-index 0.615 vs 0.571), and it was not suitable for predicting survival of non-adenocarcinoma patients (p=0.286, 1.5-2.0 vs 2.5-3.0; p=0.410, 2.5-3.0 vs 3.5-4.0).
 
  The adjusted Lung-molGPA model is better than the DS-GPA model in predicting the prognosis of adenocarcinoma patients.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk-lsd1-2hcl.html  However, it failed to estimate the prognosis for non-adenocarcinoma patients.
 The adjusted Lung-molGPA model is better than the DS-GPA model in predicting the prognosis of adenocarcinoma patients. However, it failed to estimate the prognosis for non-adenocarcinoma patients.