Lorcaserin was associated with a significantly greater proportion of reports of valvular disorders (ROR = 4.39; 95% CI 2.72-5.07). None of the antiobesity drugs were associated with a safety signal for valvulopathy, PH, or other cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses revealed a signal for valvular disorders with lorcaserin and did not detect a safety signal for other cardiovascular events with recently approved antiobesity drugs. Further research is needed to explore and validate this signal.OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy and hypoglycemia in term neonates. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a prospective comparative cohort study of neonates of ≥37 weeks' gestation. Neonates whose mothers used antidepressants during pregnancy were compared with randomly selected cohort of neonates whose mothers did not use antidepressants. Blood glucose was measured at 24 ± 2 h after birth. Hypoglycemia was defined as blood glucose level less then 2.6 mmol/L. We needed 60 patients in each group to reject the null hypothesis. RESULTS Mean gestational ages were 39 vs. 40 weeks (p  less then  0.01) and birthweights were 3250 vs. 3360 g (p = 0.08) for antidepressant-exposed vs. -unexposed neonates. There were no significant differences between groups in odds of hypoglycemia (4/59 exposed vs. 2/61 unexposed; adjusted relative risk 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-8.92) or mean blood glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy was not associated with neonatal hypoglycemia at 24 h of age.OBJECTIVE To assess the cardiac function and prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) survivors. STUDY DESIGN Prospective follow-up of TTTS pregnancies treated with laser surgery (2015-2018). Echocardiography was performed 1 day and 1 month after birth (corrected for prematurity). Results were compared with a control group of age-matched uncomplicated monochorionic twin-pairs at 1 month. RESULT Eighty-nine TTTS (168 neonates) and nine control pregnancies (18 neonates) were enrolled. CHD birth prevalence was 9.2% (8/87) in recipients and 13.6% (11/81) in donors (p = 0.37). Four of 19 (21%) were detected prenatally, all pulmonary stenosis. Donors had lower aortic peak velocities compared with recipients at day 1 (0.66 ± 0.15 m/s vs 0.71 ± 0.19 m/s, p = 0.04) and 1 month (1.04 ± 0.21 m/s vs 1.11 ± 0.18 m/s, p = 0.02), but not compared with controls. CONCLUSION CHD prevalence in TTTS survivors is high, with a low prenatal detection of minor abnormalities. Follow-up fetal echocardiograms and a postnatal echocardiogram should be offered.OBJECTIVE To assess whether in very preterm infants (1) body mass index (BMI) Z-score and weight-for-length (WtFL) Z-score at 1 year of age and (2) head growth from discharge to 1 year are associated with breastfeeding at discharge and the age of onset and type of complementary foods. STUDY DESIGN Observational cohort study.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/estradiol-benzoate.html  RESULTS Infants started on only ready-made complementary (RMC) feedings at ≤26 weeks adjusted age had the highest adjusted BMI Z-score and WtFL Z-score at 1 year of age. Adjusted change in fronto-occipital circumference was highest in infants either discharged on breastmilk or receiving home-made complementary food with/without RMC (HMM) at ≤26 weeks adjusted age. CONCLUSIONS Infants started on RMC ≤26 weeks adjusted age had the highest BMI Z-score and WtFL Z-score at 1 year. Head growth from discharge to 1 year was highest in infants either discharged on breastmilk or receiving HMM at ≤26 weeks adjusted age.OBJECTIVE To characterize the prevalence of exchange transfusion (ET), clinical characteristics of infants receiving ET, and ET-associated morbidity and mortality. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a multicenter cohort study of infants ≥23 weeks of gestational age (GA) with hyperbilirubinemia who underwent ET within 30 days of birth from 1997 to 2016. We examined clinical characteristics and adverse events after ET. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between clinical risk factors and death. RESULT A total of 1252 infants were included; 4% died within 7 days of ET and 6% died before discharge. Compared with infants ≥37 weeks of GA, infants ≤29 weeks of GA had greater odds of death (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 20.08 [7.32, 55.07]). CONCLUSIONS Infants ≤ 29 weeks of GA had greater odds of death following ET compared with term infants. These data will support clinicians in evaluating risks and prognosis for infants who require ET.OBJECTIVE To assess the correlation between infant mortality and extreme prematurity by state. STUDY DESIGN This ecological study included data on 28,526,534 infants from 2007 to 2013 in all 50 US states and DC using CDC WONDER linked birth and infant death records. Regression analyses determined the correlation between infant and neonatal mortality rates and the proportion of extremely preterm, extremely low birth weight, and black births by state. RESULTS State infant and neonatal mortality rates were directly and highly correlated with the proportion of extremely preterm births (infant, r2 = 0.71, P  less then  0.001; neonatal, r2 = 0.77, P  less then  0.001) and extremely low birth weight births (r2 = 0.63, P  less then  0.001; r2 = 0.73, P  less then  0.001). The proportion of black births also correlated directly with infant and neonatal mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS Interstate variation in infant and neonatal mortality rates are primarily driven by rates of extremely preterm and extremely low birth weight births which is closely related to the proportion of black births.OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of well-appearing newborns screened for hypoglycemia, yield of specific screening criteria, and impact of screening on breastfeeding. STUDY DESIGN The retrospective study of well-appearing at-risk infants born ≥36 weeks' gestation with blood glucose (BG) measurements obtained ≤72 h of age. RESULTS Of 10,533 eligible well newborns, 48.7% were screened for hypoglycemia. Among tested infants, BG  less then  50 mg/dL occurred in 43% and 4.6% required intensive care for hypoglycemia. BG  less then  50 mg/dL was associated with lower rates of exclusive breastfeeding (22% vs 65%, p  less then  0.001). Infants screened due to late-preterm birth were most frequently identified as hypoglycemic. The fewest abnormal values occurred among appropriate weight, late-term infants of nondiabetic mothers. CONCLUSION Hypoglycemia risk criteria result in screening a large proportion of otherwise well newborns and negatively impact rates of exclusive breastfeeding. The risks and benefits of hypoglycemia screening recommendations should be urgently addressed.