https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nsc697923.html Neurotoxic ablation of NE neurons using the Dsp4-fluoxetine protocol confirmed its inhibitory effects on NPC proliferation. Contrarily, NE depletion largely impairs NPC proliferation within the hippocampus in the same animals. Our data indicate that norepinephrine has opposite effects on the two fundamental neurogenic niches of the adult brain with norepinephrine being a negative regulator of adult periventricular neurogenesis. This knowledge might ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches to influence neurogenesis in hypothalamus-related metabolic diseases or to stimulate endogenous regenerative potential in neurodegenerative processes such as Parkinson's disease.Aim Toll-like-receptors are key players in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells' micro-environmental crosstalk, endorsing various biological reactions. For the first, time this study investigates the effects of TLR3-ligation on gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs) stemness and differentiation properties. Material and methods G-MSCs (n=5) were isolated, sorted using anti-STRO-1 antibodies, sowed on culture dishes to generate colony forming units (CFUs) and their stem/progenitor cells' features and TLR3 expression were characterized. Subsequently, TLR3 activation of G-MSCs via Poly (IC) was done, followed by an analysis of the expression of pluripotency-related factors, mesenchymal stemness-associated surface markers, as well as the ability to form CFUs and multilineage differentiation, using qualitative and quantitative histochemistry and RT-PCR. Results G-MSCs demonstrated all predefined stem/progenitor cells' characteristics and TLR3 expression. TLR3 activated G-MSCs showed a significantly reduced ability to form CFUs and pluripotency transcriptional factors expression. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells-associated surface markers and multilinear differentiation potential were significantly higher following TLR3 ligation (p less then 0.05,