https://www.selleckchem.com/products/vu661013.html The Na+/K+ ratio was not significantly different between the mutant maize plants and WT plants under salt stress conditions, but the Na+ and K+ content was increased in zmcps-1 and zmcps-7 leaves and shoots. Na+ fluorescent dye staining showed that the mutant leaves have significantly higher vacuolar Na+ intensity than the WT maize. The expression level of vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger gene ZmNHX1 and vacuolar proton pump genes ZmVP1-1 and ZmVP2 were upregulated in the zmcps-1 and zmcps-7 plants under salinity, further proving that in vivo GA deficiency enhanced vacuolar Na+ sequestration in zmcps-1 and zmcps-7 leaves cells to avoid Na+ cytotoxicity. Together, our results suggested that maintaining ROS homeostasis and enhancing vacuolar Na+ sequestration could be involved in GA deficiency-improved maize salt tolerance.Understanding the nuances of host/pathogen interactions are paramount if we wish to effectively control cereal diseases. In the case of the wheat/Zymoseptoria tritici interaction that leads to Septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease, a 10,000-year-old conflict has led to considerable armaments being developed on both sides which are not reflected in conventional model systems. Taxonomically restricted genes (TRGs) have evolved in wheat to better allow it to cope with stress caused by fungal pathogens, and Z. tritici has evolved specialized effectors which allow it to manipulate its' host. A microarray focused on the latent phase response of a resistant wheat cultivar (cv. Stigg) and susceptible wheat cultivar (cv. Gallant) to Z. tritici infection was mined for TRGs within the Poaceae. From this analysis, we identified two TRGs that were significantly upregulated in response to Z. tritici infection, Septoria-responsive TRG6 and 7 (TaSRTRG6 and TaSRTRG7). Virus induced silencing of these genes resulted in an increased susceptibility to STB disease in cvs. Gallant and Stigg, and significantly so in the latter (