This is a 5-year real-world study of 65 patients treated with ibrutinib for relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma across the UK and Ireland. Ibrutinib was well tolerated with no fatal adverse events. The median progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) was 12 and 18·5 months, respectively. Overall, 80% of patients discontinued treatment, predominantly for progressive disease. On discontinuation, 20% received alternative immunochemotherapy with a median OS of 24 months. Ibrutinib was used as a bridge to transplant in 8% (median OS not reached). These observations are comparable with trial outcomes with encouraging responses to immunochemotherapy at relapse.Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and others receiving antiretrovirals are at risk for medication errors during hospitalization and at transitions of care. These errors may result in adverse effects or viral resistance, limiting future treatment options. A range of interventions is described in the literature to decrease the occurrence or duration of medication errors, including review of electronic health records, clinical checklists at care transitions, and daily review of medication lists. To reduce the risk of medication-related errors, antiretroviral stewardship programs (ARVSPs) are needed to enhance patient safety. This call to action, endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the HIV Medicine Association, and the American Academy of HIV Medicine, is modeled upon the success of antimicrobial stewardship programs now mandated by the Joint Commission. Herein, we propose definitions of ARVSPs, suggest resources for ARVSP leadership, and provide a summary of published, successful strategies for ARVSP that healthcare facilities may use to develop locally appropriate programs.Background and aims Rhizomes are key organs for the establishment of perennial grass stands and adaptation to environmental stress. However, mechanisms regulating rhizome initiation and elongation under drought stress and during post-drought recovery remain unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate molecular factors and metabolic processes involved in drought effects and post-drought recovery in rhizome growth in perennial grass species by comparative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Methods Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (B-type rhizome genotype, 'BR') plants were exposed to drought stress and re-watering in growth chambers. The number and length of rhizomes were measured following drought stress and re-watering. Hormone and sugar content were analyzed, and transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to identify metabolic factors, genes and proteins associated with rhizome development. Key results Rhizome initiation and elongation were inhibited by drought stress, which were ass-defense systems. Rhizome regeneration in response to re-watering involved reactivation of hormone and lipid metabolism, secondary cell-wall development, and nitrogen remobilization and cycling.Introduction Direct emissions of nicotine and harmful chemicals from electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been intensively studied, but secondhand and thirdhand e-cigarette aerosol exposures in indoor environments are understudied. Methods Indoor CO2, NO2, PM2.5, aldehydes, and airborne nicotine were measured in five vape-shops to assess secondhand exposures. Nicotine and tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) were measured on vape-shop surfaces and materials (glass, paper, clothing, rubber and fur ball) placed in the vape-shops (14 days) to study thirdhand exposures. Results Airborne PM2.5, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and nicotine concentrations during shop opening hours were 21, 3.3, 4.0, and 3.8 times higher than the levels during shop closing hours, respectively. PM2.5 concentrations were correlated with the number of e-cigarette users present in vape-shops (ρ=0.366-0.761, p less then 0.001). Surface nicotine, 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal (NNA), and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were also detected at levels of 223.6±313.2 μg/m2, 4.78±11.8 ng/m2, and 44.8±102.3 ng/m2, respectively. Substantial amounts of nicotine (0-2073 μg/m2) deposited on the materials placed within the vape-shops, and NNA (0-474.4 ng/m2) and NNK (0-184.0 ng/m2) were also formed on these materials. The deposited nicotine concentrations were strongly correlated with the median number of active vapers present in a vape-shop per hour (ρ=0.894-0.949, p=0.04-0.051). NNK levels on the material surfaces were significantly associated with surface nicotine levels (ρ=0.645, p=0.037). Conclusions Indoor vaping leads to secondhand and thirdhand e-cigarette aerosol exposures. Thirdhand exposures induced by e-cigarette vaping are comparable or higher than that induced by cigarette smoking. Long-term studies in various microenvironments are needed to improve our understanding of secondhand and thirdhand e-cigarette aerosol exposures.In a post-hoc analysis of samples from an intra-partum azithromycin randomized-clinical-trial, we found that children whose mothers had been treated with the drug had higher prevalence of macrolide resistance genes msr(A) and ermC at 28 days but not at 12 months. The two genes were positively associated in the nasopharynx.Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have recently been demonstrated as a promising agent to improve wastewater treatment and biomass production efficiency of duckweed hydrocultures. For their reliable use in aqueous environments, this study analyzed the plant colonization dynamics of PGPB and its ecological consequence on the entire duckweed-associated bacterial communities. A PGPB strain, Aquitalea magnusonii H3, was inoculated to duckweed at different cell densities or timings in the presence of three environmental bacterial communities. The results showed that strain H3 improved duckweed growth by 11.7-32.1% in five out of nine experiments.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ldn193189.html  Quantitative-PCR and amplicon sequencing analyses showed that strain H3 successfully colonized duckweed after 1 and 3 d of inoculations in all cultivation tests. However, it significantly decreased in numbers after 7 d, and similar bacterial communities were observed on duckweed regardless of H3 inoculation. Predicted metagenome analysis suggested that genes related to bacterial chemotactic motility and surface attachment system are consistently enriched through community assembly on duckweed.