584x - 20.02 (where x is the velocity) returned a DoP of 84.918 mm for a 180 m/s impact and therefore needed minimal adjustment to align with Fackler's 85 mm DoP. The equation can be adjusted to y=0.584x - 20.12 to return a DoP of 85 mm for 180 m/s. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the calibration standard of ballistic gelatin with 4.5 mm spheres is DoP=0.584x - 20.12 where DoP is the depth of penetration (mm) and x is the impact velocity (m/s), The measured DoP should be within 5% of the calculated DoP. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Recent experience of humanitarian and disaster relief efforts have demonstrated the critical importance of the local health infrastructure and its response to a disaster in both the short and long term. With increasing involvement of Foreign Medical Teams (FMT), both military and civilian, in these relief efforts, there is a necessity to review how best a FMT can involve and develop the local response; it is no longer valid to design an intervention insular from the local population. Key themes found in interventions that have damaged the local infrastructure and response include bypassing, undermining and overstretching local capacities; poaching local staff; aid-fuelled inflation; lack of accountability; developing an intervention that the local population is incapable of providing once the FMT has gone and using the local infrastructure for service delivery for the FMT. Principles written by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development summarise concepts that can be used when designing an intervention so as to avoid damaging the local response and their infrastructure. They focus on involving the local population, understanding the complexities and history of the area and the requirement to develop and instil resilience to future crises. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.BACKGROUND This article reports on the development and validation of a contextualised measure of personal resources for resilience in veterinary practice. METHODS Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to evaluate data from two surveys of veterinary practitioners. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis of the first survey (n=300) revealed six items comprising the Veterinary Resilience Scale-Personal Resources (VRS-PR). These items focused on flexibility, adaptability, optimism, building strengths, enjoying challenges, and maintaining motivation and enthusiasm at work. Structural equation modelling using the second survey (n=744) confirmed the factor structure of the VRS-PR and established convergent validity with an established measure of general resilience, the Brief Resilience Scale. Examination of the mean and standard deviation of the combined survey data enabled scores on the VRS-PR to be provisionally classified into 'low', 'moderate' and 'high' (reported by approximately 13%, 72% and 15% of respondents, respectively). Respondents also reported results spanning 'low', 'moderate' and 'high' classifications for the Brief Resilience Scale (approximately 34%, 57% and 9%, respectively). CONCLUSION The VRS-PR may be used to evaluate the extent to which respondents draw upon the personal resources captured in the scale and identify areas for improvement. © British Veterinary Association 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.BACKGROUND Canine parvovirus (CPV) represents one of the major infections in dogs. While supportive therapy significantly reduces mortality, other approaches have been reported to provide significant benefits. Unfortunately, the high cost of these treatments is typically a limiting factor. Consequently, a reliable prognostic tool allowing for an informed therapeutic approach would be of great interest. However, current methods are essentially based on 'a priori' selection of predictive variables, which could limit their predictive potential. METHODS In the present study, the predictive performances in terms of CPV enteritis survival likelihood of an operator-validated logistic regression were compared with those of more flexible methods featured by automatic variable selection.  https://www.selleckchem.com/peptide/pki-14-22-amide-myristoylated.html  Several anamnestic, clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters were collected from 134 dogs at admission in a veterinary practice. Animal status was monitored until dismissal or death (mortality=21.6%). RESULTS The best automatic variable selection method (random forest) showed excellent discriminatory capabilities (AUC=0.997, sensitivity=0.941 and specificity=1) compared with the logistic regression model (AUC=0.831, sensitivity=0.882 and specificity=0.652), when evaluated on a fully independent test data set. The implemented approaches allowed to identify antithrombin, serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum lipase, monocyte and lymphocyte count as the clinical parameter combination with the highest predictive capability, thus limiting the panel of required tests. CONCLUSION The model validated in the present study allows prompt prediction of disease severity at admission and provides objective and reliable criteria to support the clinician in selection of the therapeutic approach. © British Veterinary Association 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.BACKGROUND Teaching and learning how to perform examination of the ocular fundus is challenging. Smartphones can support to enhance students' confidence and experience. METHODS Following an optional year-4 ophthalmoscopy practical using hand-held ophthalmoscopes, students completed a questionnaire using a visual analogue scale (VAS) investigating if students felt smartphone use aided learning and if student's self-assessed confidence in visualising the ocular fundus had improved. VAS scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test (significance P less then 0.05). RESULTS All 30 year-4 students attending the practical participated to the study. Confidence in performing direct ophthalmoscopy significantly increased after the practical. Confidence after the practical was 65.3 (±19.8) per cent compared with before the practical when confidence was 20.1 (±15.6) per cent (P less then 0.001). The perceived usefulness of traditional teaching was 62.3 (±23.8) per cent. The perceived usefulness of the teaching with the smartphone was 91.