The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, which was officially declared by the World Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the family Coronaviridae that consists of a group of enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA genome, which cause diseases ranging from common colds to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although the major transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are inhalation of aerosol/droplet and person-to-person contact, currently available evidence indicates that the viral RNA is present in wastewater, suggesting the need to better understand wastewater as potential sources of epidemiological data and human health risks. Here, we review the current knowledge related to the potential of wastewater surveillance to understand the epidemiology of COVID-19, methodologies for the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, and infostablish methodologies for wastewater surveillance and understand the implications of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.Understanding of the impacts of key influential factors on RDS related heavy metal (HM) contamination is crucial for developing effective RDS management strategies to support the stormwater pollution mitigation. In this paper, three factors (i.e. traffic condition, slope of road and antecedent dry period) were considered to investigate their influences on the accumulation of RDS and adsorbed HMs. Positive correlations between truck and Zn/Ni content in RDS, car and Cu/Pb content in fine RDS, as well as bus and Cu content in coarse RDS were observed. Relative to sloping stretches, RDS from level stretches generally presented finer size distributions and aggravated HM contamination in fine fractions. Moreover, the fine RDS and adsorbed HMs increased significantly with the accumulation of RDS. Based on these findings, optimized RDS management strategies were proposed to enhance the removal of washable RDS in pollution hotspots. For example, tandem sweeping technologies, performing high efficiency in capturing fine particles, are suggested to be employed during the steady period of RDS accumulation, in order to reduce fine RDS effectively. The outcomes of this study provide useful reference for the source control of stormwater runoff pollution.Conversion of aniline wastes to value-added products is always a promising method to treat aniline wastewater. In this study, a selective oxidation of aniline contaminants by Bi2·15WO6 was carried out under visible light and alkaline conditions. Kinetic results show that the oxidation rates of aniline increase with increasing pH values under visible light. UV-vis absorption spectra and GC-MS analysis confirm that azobenzene is the primary oxidation product with aminophenol and N,N'-diphenylhydrazine as the secondary products. The analyses from Mott-Schottky, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), transient photocurrent and photoluminescence (PL) further indicate that OH- promotes the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs on the surface of Bi2·15WO6, thus facilitating oxidation of aniline. Quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis confirm that h+ is the predominant specie in the Bi2·15WO6 system and aniline radical cation (PhNH2•+) is an important intermediate. The Hammett and ΔBDEN-H plots further reveal that e- abstraction from aniline with the formation of PhNH2•+, followed by H+ abstraction from PhNH2•+ with the formation of anilino radicals (PhNH•), is the prerequisite for the formation of N,N'-diphenylhydrazine, which is then oxidized to azobenzene via the hydrogen-abstraction pathway.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/r-hts-3.html  This work provides a cost-effective method to selectively oxidize aniline to azobenzene.In this work, β-FeOOH was synthesized and grown on carbon paper with the assistance of dopamine (PDA) via a facile hydrothermal method, producing β-FeOOH self-supporting electrode eventually. Electrochemical anodic oxidation performance to methyl orange (MO) solution using β-FeOOH anode was investigated and the major influencing factors such as current density, initial pH value and initial MO concentration on MO degradation efficiency were further explored. Experimental results suggested that 99.4% degradation rate of MO could be achieved only after 25 min electrolysis, its pseudo first-order reaction kinetic constant was 11.3 ⅹ 10-2 min-1 and the COD removal ratio was 37.3% after 120 min electrolysis under optimized conditions current density was 10 mA cm-2, initial pH value was 3 and initial MO concentration was 10 mg L-1. At the same time, β-FeOOH electrode also exhibited a high cycling stability and the MO removal ratio was still keeping at 84.9% after eight cycles. Moreover, this electrode showed efficient decomposition performance to multiple simulated pollutants, indicating the well potential practical application values of β-FeOOH electrode. At last, the proposed degradation mechanism of MO was evaluated according to the analyzing results of UV-vis and HPLC-MS to MO solution under different degradation durations.
  In India, people live in a collective society wherein family members are the primary caregivers for the person suffering from mental illness (PMI). Psychiatric rehabilitative models are individual-centric, focusing on individual level skills (emotional, social, self-management and vocational) and development to enhance successful community reintegration. If the entire family is considered to be a unit for rehabilitation, i.e. family centric rehabilitation, the possibility of empowering the family to function effectively is higher despite the illness. The objective of the case study is to conceptualize the framework 'Family centric Rehabilitation'.
 
  Case study design.
 
  Family centric rehabilitation can be conceptualized as 'a process that facilitates families, dysfunctional due to PMI, to reach their optimal level of independent functioning by harnessing resources available within the community'. Family centric rehabilitation focuses on enhancing global functioning of the "family unit", in essence all members, rather than just the PMI.