In central nervous system (CNS) tumors, surgery combined with radiotherapy may cure many tumors. The basic technique in conventional radiotherapy is craniospinal radiotherapy; in this technique, spinal cord can be treated with electron or photon beams. This study was aimed to compare two radiotherapy techniques in craniospinal radiotherapy, (a) treatment of spine with a single photon beam and (b) with a combination of photon and electron beams. The two techniques were planned. In the first technique, both brain and spine were irradiated with 6 MV photon beams. In the second technique, brain was irradiated with 6 MV photon and spine with 18 MeV electron beams. To compensate the dose deficiency in lumbar area, an anterior field of 15 MV photon beam was also applied in the second technique. The dose to target volume and organ at risks (OARs) were measured by thermoluminescent dosimeter and compared with the corresponding values calculated by Isogray treatment planning system. OARs including heart, mandible, thyroid, and lungs received lower dose from technique 2 compared with technique 1; kidneys were exceptions which received higher dose in the technique 2. The dose to thyroid, mandible, heart, and lungs were lower in technique 2, while kidneys received higher dose in technique 2. This was caused by using the anterior 15 MV photon beam. Based on these results, for children, instead of photon beam for treatment of spinal cord, it is wiser to use electron beam. The dose to thyroid, mandible, heart, and lungs were lower in technique 2, while kidneys received higher dose in technique 2. This was caused by using the anterior 15 MV photon beam. Based on these results, for children, instead of photon beam for treatment of spinal cord, it is wiser to use electron beam. Brain tumors constitute a small presentation of all cancers (1.4%) and cancer related deaths (2.5%). Most of the brain tumors are malignant and carry bad prognosis and even if those which are benign still can interfere with brain functions that are required for daily living. We did an audit of brain tumor patients treated in our center and see their prognosis in correlation with different histological types. We analyzed 497 patients treated at our center from June 2007 to June 2012 of different histological types. All the patients underwent complete central nervous system examination and thorough workup including hematological investigations, radiological investigations, and confirmation of histological type by biopsy. These patients were then treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy or upfront curative radiotherapy as per staging and then kept on regular follow-up as per institutional protocol. Majority of patients were astrocytomas (309 patients) followed by a pituitary adenoma (39 patients), oligodendroglioma (33 patients), medulloblastoma (22 patients), arteriovenous malformations (19 patients), craniopharyngioma (16 patients), and recurrent brain tumors (12 patients). There were few cases of central nervous lymphoma, meningioma, melanocytoma, ependymomas, schwannomas, hemangiopericytoma, gliosarcoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The histological types vary differently regarding presentation, treatment, and prognosis. Astrocytomas are the most common tumors in presentation (309 patients) in which the high-grade astrocytomas carried worse prognosis. Benign tumors such as pituitary adenomas, schwannomas, and craniopharyngiomas had the best prognosis with survival seen up to almost last follow-up. Astrocytomas are the most common tumors in presentation (309 patients) in which the high-grade astrocytomas carried worse prognosis. Benign tumors such as pituitary adenomas, schwannomas, and craniopharyngiomas had the best prognosis with survival seen up to almost last follow-up. Intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs) comprise approximately 0.4%-3% of all brain tumors. In this study, we aim to evaluate clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of patients with ICGCT. All patients with ICGCT diagnosed in Hacettepe University's Pediatric Oncology Department between January 1980 and January 2016 were evaluated, retrospectively. We identified 52 patients (male/female 2.46) diagnosed with ICGT. Median age was 140 months. The median duration of symptoms was 3 months. Patients with endocrine symptoms were diagnosed later than others (P = 0.028). The primary site was pineal region in 20 patients, nonpineal region in 32 which included six bifocal involvements. Pineal location was more common in boys than girls (P = 0.02). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gyy4137.html Histopathological diagnosis was germinoma in 28 patients, nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors in 14 and immature teratoma in 4. The mean age for germinoma was higher than that of nongerminomatous tumors (P = 0.032). Patients treated with surgery and radiools were used survival rates lower than developed western and eastern developed countries. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the new proposed boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) neutron beam based on the use of Tehran Research Reactor medical room to treat deep-seated brain tumors. The Snyder head phantom has been simulated through the MCNPX Monte Carlo code to calculate different dose profiles and desired medical merits. The simulation consists of the full geometry of new beamline and the phantom. The medical merits related to the new proposed BNCT beamline have a good agreement with other facilities, which indicates the potential use of this new beam for treatment of deep-seated brain tumors. The obtained results show the capability of the new setup to treat deep-seated brain tumor, which was located up to ~5 cm of the skin surface. The obtained results show the capability of the new setup to treat deep-seated brain tumor, which was located up to ~5 cm of the skin surface. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a terminal form of illness. Illness perceptions play vital role in illness behavior and managing the disease. GBM cancer survivor's illness perceptions and their perceived social support is not systematically studied. Therefore, study aimed to understand the illness perceptions and perceived social support of GBM survivors during hospitalization. The study used cross sectional-descriptive research design. A total of 40 GBM survivors were recruited by using convenience sampling method. The Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised (IPQ-R) by Moss-Morris, Weinman et al. (2002), and Perceived Social Support from Family (FSS-Family) and Perceived Social Support from Friends (PSS-Friends) scales by Mary E. Procidano and Kenneth (1983) were administered on recruited participants. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the personal and illness details of participants. Free R software was used to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated on selected variables.