To obtain the synergistic antimicrobial potential of nano-composites conjugated with graphene oxide (GO), an alternative approach was developed throughout the hybridization of chitosan (CS) or ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) with GO. The synthesized GO-nanocomposites were identified by XRD, HRTEM, SEM, FTIR, Zeta potential, and Raman spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of GO, GO-CS, and GO-EDTA was investigated against some pathogenic bacteria and Candida sp. Results showed that nano-composites looked flattened and clear, with some lines and folds on the exterior part. SEM images show the basic morphology of GO which owns remarkable holes, crevasses, and indeclinable internal structure. GO-EDTA and GO-CS possess a promising antimicrobial activity against all pathogenic microbes. In-vitro ZOI result verified that they exhibited activity against Escherichia coli (22.0 mm for GO-EDTA and 11.0 mm for GO-CS), Staphylococcus aureus (15.0 mm for GO-EDTA and 10.0 mm for GO-CS) and Candida albicans (22.0 mm for GO-EDTA and 16.0 mm for GO-CS). Microbial cells may be ultimately-damaged when they interact with GO-based nanocomposites due to different mechanisms such as oxidative and membrane stress and wrapping isolation.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/oligomycin-a.html  This work provides revolutionary GO-nanocomposites for increasing the antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microbes with a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach.The study aimed to investigate the potential attenuation effect of chitosan in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), and its relevant protective mechanisms. Chitosan (200 mg/kg) has been administered orally for 30 days, later animals underwent liver 45 min ischemia and reperfusion for 60 min. Following treatment with chitosan, the levels of serum aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced. Similarly, hepatic (GSH, SOD, CAT, GST and GPx) were enhanced, and the level of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased. In addition, inflammatory cytokinesis (TNF-α and TGF-β) have recorded a significant decrease in their mRNA expression and protein levels using qPCR and ELISA respectively. Marked reduction of apoptosis has been indicated by the elevation in BCL2, and decreasing in BAX, Caspace-3 and Cytochrome-c expression levels, which furthermore confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay. The enhancement of the previous parameters resulted in a marked improvement in the liver architectures after chitosan administration. In conclusion, chitosan has proved its efficiency as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent through its inhibitory effect of cytokines and reducing ROS respectively. In addition, chitosan could modulate the changes in histological structure and alleviate apoptosis induced by liver I/R, which recommend it as an efficient agent for protection against liver I/R injury.Gentamicin (GM) is a well know antibiotic and drug of choice for various infections and is available in the form of parenteral and topical formulations. Gentamicin has no oral dosage form due to its enzymatic degradation and poor bioavailability. This study was designed to optimize controlled release oral dosage form of GM using poly lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) which were surface modified with chitosan. Nanoparticles were characterized for size, potential, scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Drug concentration in plasma samples was determined by microbiological assay against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 9372). In vitro release pattern was studied and the best formulation was administered to healthy rabbits for pharmacokinetic studies. Various pharmacokinetic parameters determined for oral formulation were area under the curve (AUC) 43.2 ± 2.16 h.mg/L, volume of distribution (Vd) 1.54 ± 0.25 L, half-life phase-1 (t1/2α) 0.59 ± 0.12 h, mean residence time (MRT) 11.22 ± 0.42 h, time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) 2.56 ± 0.09 h and maximum concentration (Cmax) was 3.49 ± 0.10 mg/L. It is concluded that chitosan modified GM loaded PLGA NPs has potential for oral absorption and can be used for achieving therapeutic benefits.The aim of this work is to examine the adsorption performance and mechanism of phosphorus (P) onto polyethyene polyamine (PEPA) grafted chitosan-zirconium(IV) composite beads (CS-Zr-PEPA) from aqueous solutions. The morphology, functional groups, and surface area of the CS-Zr-PEPA beads were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and BET analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted via different operating parameters such as solution pH, initial phosphate concentration, co-existing anions and temperature. The adsorption kinetics, equilibrium isotherms and adsorption stability of the adsorbent were scrutinized. In comparison with other CS-based beads, the CS-Zr-PEPA had a greater affinity towards P and exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 103.96 mg-P/g predicted by Langmuir mode. The reusability studies of CS-Zr-PEPA beads were carried out. The CS-Zr-PEPA beads exhibit preferable sequestration of P through specific interactions, as further demonstrated by studying physicochemical characteristics of the virgin beads and P-adsorbed beads using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The column performance of CS-Zr-PEPA beads was tested with P-containing wastewater. Results indicated that the developed CS-Zr-PEPA composite beads could be utilized as a promising adsorbent for effective removal and recovery of P from water and wastewater.Phospholipase A2 plays an important role in many diseases. Thus, the production of bioactive molecules, which can modulate PLA2 activity, became an important target for the pharmaceutical industry. Previously, we demonstrated the inhibitory and anti-angiogenic effect of γCdcPLI, the natural PLA2inhibitor from Crotalus durissus collilineatus. The aim of the present study was to recombinantly express the γCdcPLI inhibitor and analyze its biochemical and functional characteristics. Based on the amino acid sequence from the natural protein, we designed a synthetic gene for production of a non-tagged recombinant recγCdcPLI using the pHis-Parallel2 vector. To enable disulfide bond formation, protein expression was performed using E. coli Rosetta-gamiB. The protein was purified by anion and affinity chromatography with a yield of 5 mg/L. RecγCdcPLI showed similar secondary structure in CD and FTIR, revealing predominately β-strands. Analogous to the natural protein, recγCdcPLI was able to form oligomers of ~5.5 nm. The inhibitor was efficiently binding to PLA2 from honeybee (Kd = 1.