or and extensor muscles, which was more obvious in female runners, and by symmetrical thigh muscle strength values. Moreover, muscular isokinetic knee flexor and extensor muscle strength was not associated with aerobic fitness parameters.
  Muñoz-López, A, Marín-Galindo, A, Corral-Pérez, J, Costilla, M, Sánchez-Sixto, A, Sañudo, B, Casals, C, and Ponce-González, JG. Effects of different velocity loss thresholds on passive contractile properties and muscle oxygenation in the squat exercise using free weights. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2021-The current study assessed the impact between different velocity loss thresholds on changes in the muscle contractile properties and muscle oxygenation after a single resistance training (RT) session.  https://www.selleckchem.com/  Thirty physically active men participated in a crossover study performing 3 sets of the squat exercise at a lifted speed of ≈0.75 m·s -1, with 2 different velocity loss thresholds 20% (VL20) vs 40% (VL40) in a randomized order. Contractile properties of the knee extensor muscles were tested using tensiomyography. In addition, muscle oxygenation was continuously measured from baseline until the end of the exercise session. The vastus lateralis showed a significant moment by condition interaction in time cement (p = 0.001), and contraction velocity (p = 0.007), with greater reductions in VL40. In both trainings, oxygenated hemoglobin and tissue oxygen index decreased, whereas deoxygenated hemoglobin increased (moment as the main effect, p less then 0.05), but without a moment by condition interaction. VL40 showed a lower deoxygenation slope in set 1 (-0.468%·s-1, p = 0.001) and set 3 (-0.474%·s-1, p = 0.037) as well as higher losses in set 1 (-41.50%, p = 0.003), set 2 (-41.84%, p = 0.002), and set 3 (-62.51%, p less then 0.001), compared with VL20. No differences were found in the recovery period between conditions. In conclusion, during the RT program design, coaches and athletes should consider that VL40 produces higher mechanical and neuromuscular impairments than VL20, which seems to be necessary for hypertrophy to occur; however, VL40 also produces a longer period of lower oxygen supply than VL20, which can induce fast-to-slow muscle fiber transition.
  The challenges experienced by mothers supporting an adult child with substance use problems suggest intervention is needed to improve such mothers' psychosocial well-being through adaptive coping.
 
  This study examined beliefs about journaling as well as changes in stress, cortisol levels, and mental health after a 6-week intervention by mothers whose adult children had substance use problems. In addition, the study explored coping methods used and the experience of writing among these mothers.
 
  A purposeful sample of 17 mothers completed the pretest and posttest. Participating mothers were asked to make journal entries at least 3 times per week for 6 weeks.
 
  The mothers used diverse adaptive coping methods to manage stress. In particular, they frequently used religious and meaning-focused coping. The mothers perceived journaling as a highly valuable coping method for daily stress. The findings of paired t tests indicated no statistically significant differences in the stress, mental health variables, and cortisol levels between pretest and posttest. However, participants shared the positive experiences of journaling emotional well-being, stress management, perspective changes, focus, self-regulation, clarity, and gratitude.
 
  The present finding suggests journaling is a practical means to promoting adaptive coping in mothers with adult children who have substance use problems.
 The present finding suggests journaling is a practical means to promoting adaptive coping in mothers with adult children who have substance use problems.
  The Attitudes Scale on Alcohol, Alcoholism, and Persons with alcohol use disorders ("Escala de Atitudes Frente ao Álcool, ao Alcoolismo e ao Persons with alcohol use disorders" [EAFAA]) is an instrument designed to measure attitudes toward alcohol, alcoholism, and persons with alcohol use disorders. It has been validated in Portuguese and Spanish.
 
  The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the American English version of the EAFAA (EAFAA-AEV).
 
  One hundred eighty-seven participants (nurses = 101 and nursing students = 86) completed the EAFAA-AEV.
 
  Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a four-factor solution, supporting the original factor structure of the EAFAA. The scale has shown good internal consistency and reliability for the four factors. The total scale had a Cronbach's alpha of .85 and a McDonald's omega of .87.
 
  The EAFAA-AEV has similarly strong psychometric properties as the original version, suggesting that it is a reliable tool to identify attitudes toward alcohol and related issues among American-English-speaking nurses and nursing students.
 The EAFAA-AEV has similarly strong psychometric properties as the original version, suggesting that it is a reliable tool to identify attitudes toward alcohol and related issues among American-English-speaking nurses and nursing students.Alcohol use presents a serious risk to women's health. Of particular interest is the association of harmful alcohol consumption and risky behaviors, such as drinking before sexual intercourse, an understudied phenomenon in the Mexican population.
  The aim of this study was to identify whether the harmful use of alcohol is associated with an increased probability of presex drinking in Mexican young women.
 
  This was a study with a predictive design. Multiple logistic regressions were performed in a random sample of 304 young college women (between the ages of 18 and 24 years) from Guanajuato and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants completed a sociodemographic data survey and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire.
 
  Women with a pattern of harmful use of alcohol were more likely to report drinking before sex (adjusted odds ratio = 4.679, 95% confidence interval [1.619, 13.520], McFadden's pseudo R2 = 25.5%). Further analyses revealed that presex drinking by partners was an even stronger predictor of alcohol use before sexual intercourse in women (adjusted odds ratio = 12.