The lack of specific symptoms for the early detection of gastric cancer leads to the fact that it is often diagnosed at a late stage, when the prognosis is unfavorable. The analysis of molecular markers in addition to standard diagnostic procedures is a promising approach for improving the preoperative diagnosis of both gastric cancer and precancerous changes in the mucosa. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the diagnostic significance of using miRNA expression to diagnosis gastric cancer and precancerous conditions (dysplasia) in histological material. In this work, 122 samples of archival histological material in the form of paraffin blocks were used 34 samples of gastric adenocarcinoma, 54 samples of gastric ulcers with dysplasia and 34 samples of normal gastric mucosa obtained from patients after bariatric surgery.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Idarubicin.html  The expression level of miRNA-145-5p, -150-5p, -20a-5p, -21-5p, -31-5p, -34a-5p, -375 was determined using real-time RT-PCR. Samples were stratified into different groups using the C-RT decision tree algorithm. All miRNAs, except miRNA-20a, were included in the decision tree, which allows stratification of samples for normal mucosa, dysplasia, and gastric cancer. Normal mucosa can be distinguished from gastric cancer only by miRNA-34a, -21, -375. Diagnostic characteristics for the detection of dysplasia specificity - 97%, sensitivity - 87%; for the detection of gastric cancer specificity - 91%, sensitivity - 93%. The sufficiently high values of the diagnostic characteristics for detecting dysplasia of the gastric mucosa and gastric cancer obtained in our study indicate the possibility of using expression data of a small amount of miRNAs for the effective separation of samples with tumor and precancerous changes in the stomach tissue.The results of the comparative testing of the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis clinical strains to isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin and ethambutol using the TB test kit, developed in SCRAMB, (Obolensk) and the absolute concentrations method; the TB test kit and the BACTEC MGIT 960 automated system are presented in the study. A total of 629 and 220 strains, respectively, were tested. A high degree of agreement of the results was shown 89.1-98.6% for isoniazid, 96.2-98.0% for rifampicin, 91.5-98.2% for streptomycin and 89.1-95.9% for ethambutol. The smallest number of discrepancies in the results was obtained when comparing the TB test kit and BACTEC MGIT 960. The discrepant results analysis was performed by the proportion method, PCR sequencing, or re-testing on new lots of the TB test kit and Lowenstein-Jensen medium with anti-tuberculosis drugs, after which the sensitivity, the specificity and the efficiency of the TB test kit have exceeded 95 % for all anti-tuberculosis drugs. The turnaround time with the TB test kit (median 9.25-9.9 days, ranged from 8 to13 days) was significantly shorter than that with the absolute concentration method (median 21-23 days, ranged from 20 to 28 days) and is commensurate with the turnaround time with BACTEC MGIT 960 (average 7.2 days, ranged from 5 to 12 days). The TB test kit is easy to use, does not require expensive equipment and special staff training.Bacteria survival in the conditions of antimicrobial therapy is the global problem of health care. This review highlights the complexity and diversity of mechanisms used by bacteria to neutralize antibiotics. To analyze the problem, the search was made using PubMed database, Russian scientific electronic library eLIBRARY, search system of World Health Organization and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). Based on the analysis of survival strategies in the conditions of antibiotics action we propose new classification of resistant bacteria. Classification criteria include the ability to divide under antibiotics action, the survival strategies application as a species trait, the presence of specialized genes determining the transition to the state with reduced/stopped metabolism. Two main groups are resistant bacteria and bacteria with reduced/stopped metabolism, which survive but do not divide in the presence of antibiotic. The first group includes two subgroups bacteria with intrinsic and adaptive resistance. The second group includes (1) bacteria with specialized genes responsible for cell transformation to the state with reduced/stopped metabolism, (2) bacteria transforming to the state with reduced/stopped metabolism without involvement of special genes, and (3) cell forms with special morphology - spores, cysts and cyst-like cells. We described the usefulness of proposed classification including improved understanding of the correlation between bacteria survival in the presence of antibiotics and molecular mechanism of cell metabolism inhibition, presence or absence of targets for using molecular-genetic methods of bacteria resistant variant determination, the possibility for development of rational antimicrobial therapy methods.The article presents data on the structure of acid-resistant members of the order Actinomycetales and rare species that have been isolated and identified using various methods. The study included strains of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from clinical material during examination for tuberculosis in the period from 2016 to 2019. The total number of samples with signs of NTMs growth that were included in the study was 316 samples. Primary isolation on Levenshtein-Jensen, Finn II, and MGIT media and NTMs identification by DNA-hybridization. All strains that were not identified prior to the species and culture, identified as microorganisms with a high G+C content (High GC GR +) were re-identified using a MALDI-ToF Microflex LT mass spectrometer (Bruker®). By the method of DNA-hybridization, 188 strains isolated by NTM were successfully identified to form 58.5% of all selected cultures. Among the selected species, representatives of slowly growing NTMs (M. avium complex, M. gordonae, M. kansasii) predukamurella.Currently, the WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (5th edition, 2010) provides updated, standardized, evidence-based procedures and recommendations for laboratory managers, scientists and technicians to follow in examining human semen in a clinical or research setting. Despite the fact, there are several gaps and limitations in the interpretation of this compendium. Mostly, the WHO-protocol of estimation of peroxidase-positive cells and spermatozoa, as well as evaluation of their viability and morphology are not so affordable and applicable in Russia due to peculiarities of laboratory market. Furthermore, most of Russian manuscripts do not reflect a unified approach to the analytical stage of semen analyses. In order to standardize the protocol for human semen examination which adopted to Russian lab it was developed packing of reagents (GEMSTANDART-SEMEN ANALYSES, LLC 'GEMSTANDART', Saint Petersburg, Russia) allowing to obtain an accuracy and completeness of the examination.