AIM The number of elderly patients with superficial esophageal neoplasms has steadily increased, but few studies have focused on the clinical outcomes of esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection in these patients. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection among elderly patients with superficial esophageal neoplasms. METHODS Patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasms between December 2005 and December 2017 were eligible. The patients were divided into two groups according to age Not-old ( less then 75 years, n = 369) and Old (≥75 years, n = 44). Clinical features and treatment outcomes were retrospectively investigated by reviewing medical records. RESULTS In total, 413 patients with 459 lesions were enrolled in to this study. Comorbidities, except for a previous history of malignancy, were not significantly different between the two groups. Procedure-related characteristics and the rate of adverse events were similar in the two groups. During a median follow-up period of 33.4 months, the overall survival rate was lower in the Old group (P = 0.046), and the cumulative recurrence rate did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.334). CONCLUSION Based on these favorable outcomes, endoscopic submucosal dissection is as feasible and effective for the treatment of superficial esophageal neoplasms among elderly patients as it is among non-elderly patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; •• ••-••. © 2020 Japan Geriatrics Society.The AASLD has recently issued updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Following the Institute of Medicine format for creating practice guidelines, a committee of experts selected the important clinical issues to address, conducted systematic reviews of the literature, and rated the quality of the evidence to determine the final recommendations. Below is a synopsis of the recommendations that are most relevant to liver transplantation (LT). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Nanospaces are ubiquitous in the realm of biological systems and are of significant interest among supramolecular chemists. Understanding chemical behavior within nanospaces offers new perspectives on biological phenomena in Nature and opens the way to highly unusual and selective forms of catalysis. Supramolecular chemistry exploits weak, yet effective, intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, metal-ligand coordination, and the hydrophobic effect to assemble nano-sized molecular architectures, providing reactions with remarkable rate acceleration, substrate specificity, and product selectivity. In this minireview, we will focus on the strategies that supramolecular chemists use to emulate the efficiency of biological processes, and elucidate how chemical reactivity is efficiently controlled within well-defined nanospaces. Approaches such as orientation and proximity of substrate, transition state stabilization, and active site incorporation will be discussed. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The reaction of thiols and anhydrides to form ring opened thioester/acids is shown to be highly reversible, and it is accordingly employed in the fabrication of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) that possess tunable dynamic covalent chemistry. Maleic, succinic and phthalic anhydride derivatives were used as bifunctional reactants in systems with varied stoichiometries, catalyst, and loadings.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/amg-perk-44.html  Dynamic characteristics such as temperature-dependent stress relaxation, direct reprocessing and recycling abilities of a range of thiol-anhydride elastomers, glasses, composites and photopolymers are discussed. Depending on the catalyst strength, 100% of externally imposed stresses were relaxed in the order of minutes to 2 hours at mild temperatures (80-120 °C). Pristine properties of the original materials were recovered following up to five cycles of a hot-press reprocessing technique (1h/100°C). © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Gene therapy promotes the expression of missing or defective genes and can be curative following administration of a single dose. Gene therapy is prohibited in equine athletes by regulatory bodies due to the high potential for abuse and novel analytical methods are needed for detection. The goal of this study was to detect the administration of an experimental gene therapy a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) carrying a transgene for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (rAAV-IL10). Twelve horses were randomly assigned to receive an intra-articular injection of rAAV-IL10 or phosphate buffered saline (vehicle) into a middle carpal joint. Plasma and synovial fluid were collected on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84. Primer pairs were designed to detect two unique regions of rAAV. Using quantitative real time PCR, both sets of primers detected rAAV for 14-28 days in joints and up to 4 days in plasma, in all six treated horses. In synovial fluid, rAAV was detected on day 56 in 4/6 horses by both primer sets, and on day 84 in 1/6 horses by one primer set. In plasma, rAAV was detected for 7 days in 5/6 horses, 14 days in 2/6 horses, and 28 days in 1/6 horses by one primer set, and was detected for up to 14 days in 1/6 horses by the other primer set. This study is the first to validate that quantitative real time PCR can be used to systemically detect the local administration of a gene therapy product to horses. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.In many regions across the globe, extreme weather events such as storms have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change. Ecological theory predicts that such extreme events should have large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. High winds and precipitation associated with storms can affect lakes via short-term runoff events from watersheds and physical mixing of the water column. In addition, lakes connected to rivers and streams will also experience flushing due to high flow rates. Although we have a well-developed understanding of how wind and precipitation events can alter lake physical processes and some aspects of biogeochemical cycling, our mechanistic understanding of the emergent responses of phytoplankton communities is poor. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis that identifies how storms interact with lake and watershed attributes and their antecedent conditions to generate changes in lake physical and chemical environments. Such changes can restructure phytoplankton communities and their dynamics, as well as result in altered ecological function (e.